Sandra E. Kentish

Bio: Sandra E. Kentish is an academic researcher from University of Melbourne. The author has contributed to research in topics: Membrane & Gas separation. The author has an hindex of 67, co-authored 382 publications receiving 15726 citations. Previous affiliations of Sandra E. Kentish include Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory & Cooperative Research Centre.

The use of ultrasonics for nanoemulsion preparation

Abstract: Oil-in-water emulsions are an important vehicles for the delivery of hydrophobic bioactive compounds into a range of food products. The preparation of very fine emulsions is of increasing interest to the beverage industry, as novel ingredients can be added with negligible impact to solution clarity. In the present study, both a batch and focused flow-through ultrasonic cell were utilized for emulsification with ultrasonic power generation at 20–24 kHz. Emulsions with a mean droplet size as low as 135 ± 5 nm were achieved using a mixture of flaxseed oil and water in the presence of Tween 40 surfactant. Results are comparable to those for emulsions prepared with a microfluidizer operated at 100 MPa. The key to efficient ultrasonic emulsification is to determine an optimum ultrasonic energy intensity input for these systems, as excess energy input may lead to an increase in droplet size. Industrial relevance The preparation of oil-in-water emulsions is a common feature of food processing operations. The use of ultrasound for this purpose can be competitive or even superior in terms of droplet size and energy efficiency when compared to classical rotor­stator dispersion. It may also be more practicable with respect to production cost, equipment contamination and aseptic processing than a microfluidisation approach. The present paper shows that ultrasound can be effective in producing nanoemulsions for use in a range of food ingredients.

Modification of food ingredients by ultrasound to improve functionality: A preliminary study on a model system

Abstract: The use of high-intensity ultrasound for food processing applications is being constantly explored Extraction of gingerol from ginger, homogenisation of milk and generation of high quality emulsions from food ingredients are some examples where ultrasonication has been found to be efficient, at least in laboratory-scale trials These ultrasonic processes primarily rely upon the physical effects of ultrasound However, the potential restrictions and/or uses of the chemical effects generated by ultrasound-induced cavitation phenomena have often been overlooked Our investigation shows that unwanted reactions between ultrasonically generated radicals and food ingredients could be minimised by selecting lower ultrasonic frequencies for food processing However, high frequency ultrasound could also be used for food processing, provided suitable radical scavengers are present in the solution Preliminary results identified the potential of sonochemical hydroxylation of phenolic compounds as an efficient way of enhancing the antioxidant properties of certain food materials Overall, these investigations have enabled the development of strategies for management of radical sonochemistry in food processing applications Industrial relevance The aim of this work is to identify the problems associated with the application of high power ultrasound in food processing in order to make ultrasonic food processing a safe, viable and innovative processing technology in food industry Several food and chemical industries will be able to adopt sonochemical treatment to improve the quality and the productivity of specific products As an adjunct to existing processing technologies the application of ultrasonics can reduce energy requirements and simplify formulation with less need to add ingredients as processing aids

Carbon Dioxide Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract: Kenji Sumida, David L. Rogow, Jarad A. Mason, Thomas M. McDonald, Eric D. Bloch, Zoey R. Herm, Tae-Hyun Bae, Jeffrey R. Long

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例

Abstract: 介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

Abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

PIVlab – Towards User-friendly, Affordable and Accurate Digital Particle Image Velocimetry in MATLAB

Abstract: Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) is a non-intrusive analysis technique that is very popular for mapping flows quantitatively. To get accurate results, in particular in complex flow fields, a number of challenges have to be faced and solved: The quality of the flow measurements is affected by computational details such as image pre-conditioning, sub-pixel peak estimators, data validation procedures, interpolation algorithms and smoothing methods. The accuracy of several algorithms was determined and the best performing methods were implemented in a user-friendly open-source tool for performing DPIV flow analysis in Matlab.