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Sanjeev K. Bhardwaj

Bio: Sanjeev K. Bhardwaj is an academic researcher from Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research. The author has contributed to research in topics: Biosensor & Detection limit. The author has an hindex of 22, co-authored 44 publications receiving 1520 citations. Previous affiliations of Sanjeev K. Bhardwaj include Central Scientific Instruments Organisation & Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.

Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss different approaches used in the development of MOF-enzyme biocatalytic supports, such as surface adsorption, diffusion, and in-situ encapsulation.

331 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the recent advancements in supercapacitor applications of metal-organic frameworks and their derived composite structures and discussed the application of various categories of electrolytes (e.g., aqueous, organic, ionic liquids, solid-state, and redox electrolytes).

235 citations

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TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review of various synthetic and integrating strategies to improve electrical conductivity and long-range charge transport properties in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is provided.
Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are known to possess many interesting material properties such as high specific surface area, tailorable porosity, adsorption/absorption capabilities, post-synthetic modifications, and chemical/thermal stabilities. Because of these unique features, they have been explored for the development of sensors for a variety of analytes. A large proportion of pre-existing MOF-based sensors are well suited for optical transductions due to a lack of electrical conduction in their pristine forms. Hence, the development of MOF-based electrochemical/electrical sensors requires specialized strategies through which MOFs are modified or hybridized with enhanced conductive moieties (e.g., via doping or post synthetic modification). In this review article, we provide a comprehensive review of various synthetic and integrating strategies to improve electrical conductivity and long-range charge transport properties in MOFs. To this end, we have compiled details of different techniques that have been used to develop electrically/electrochemically active platforms for MOF-based sensing of various targets.

178 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of this study highlight that the proposed biosensor is more sensitive than most of the previous methods while exhibiting some advanced features like specificity, regenerability, extended range of linear detection, and stability for long-term storage (even at room temperature).
Abstract: To produce a sensitive and specific biosensor for Staphylococcus aureus, bacteriophages have been interfaced with a water-dispersible and environmentally stable metal–organic framework (MOF), NH2-MIL-53(Fe). The conjugation of the MOF with bacteriophages has been achieved through the use of glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. Highly sensitive detection of S. aureus in both synthetic and real samples was realized by the proposed MOF–bacteriophage biosensor based on the photoluminescence quenching phenomena: limit of detection (31 CFU/mL) and range of detection (40 to 4 × 108 CFU/mL). This is the first report exploiting the use of an MOF–bacteriophage complex for the biosensing of S. aureus. The results of our study highlight that the proposed biosensor is more sensitive than most of the previous methods while exhibiting some advanced features like specificity, regenerability, extended range of linear detection, and stability for long-term storage (even at room temperature).

133 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focused on sources of pathogenic microbes and their toxins; possible routes of their entrainment in food, and current development of NM-based biosensors to realize real-time detection of the target analytes.

106 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This comprehensive review summarizes the topical developments in the field of luminescent MOF and MOF-based photonic crystals/thin film sensory materials.
Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are open, crystalline supramolecular coordination architectures with porous facets. These chemically tailorable framework materials are the subject of intense and expansive research, and are particularly relevant in the fields of sensory materials and device engineering. As the subfield of MOF-based sensing has developed, many diverse chemical functionalities have been carefully and rationally implanted into the coordination nanospace of MOF materials. MOFs with widely varied fluorometric sensing properties have been developed using the design principles of crystal engineering and structure–property correlations, resulting in a large and rapidly growing body of literature. This work has led to advancements in a number of crucial sensing domains, including biomolecules, environmental toxins, explosives, ionic species, and many others. Furthermore, new classes of MOF sensory materials utilizing advanced signal transduction by devices based on MOF photonic crystals and thin films have been developed. This comprehensive review summarizes the topical developments in the field of luminescent MOF and MOF-based photonic crystals/thin film sensory materials.

2,239 citations

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TL;DR: This review summarizes recent developments of MOF-enzyme composites with special emphasis on preparative techniques and the synergistic effects of enzymes and MOFs.
Abstract: The ex vivo application of enzymes in various processes, especially via enzyme immobilization techniques, has been extensively studied in recent years in order to enhance the recyclability of enzymes, to minimize enzyme contamination in the product, and to explore novel horizons for enzymes in biomedical applications. Possessing remarkable amenability in structural design of the frameworks as well as almost unparalelled surface tunability, Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have been gaining popularity as candidates for enzyme immobilization platforms. Many MOF–enzyme composites have achieved unprecedented results, far outperforming free enzymes in many aspects. This review summarizes recent developments of MOF–enzyme composites with special emphasis on preparative techniques and the synergistic effects of enzymes and MOFs. The applications of MOF–enzyme composites, primarily in transferation, catalysis and sensing, are presented as well. The enhancement of enzymatic activity of the composites over free enzymes in biologically incompatible conditions is emphasized in many cases.

915 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Shasha Zheng1, Xinran Li1, Bingyi Yan1, Qin Hu1, Yuxia Xu1, Xiao Xiao1, Huaiguo Xue1, Huan Pang1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of transition-metal (Fe, Co, Ni) based metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives with the focus on their application in supercapacitors and batteries is presented.
Abstract: Transition-metal (Fe, Co, Ni) based metal-organic framework materials with controllable structures, large surface areas and adjustable pore sizes have attracted wide research interest for use in next-generation electrochemical energy-storage devices. This review introduces the synthesis of transition-metal (Fe, Co, Ni) based metal-organic frameworks and their derivatives with the focus on their application in supercapacitors and batteries.

686 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review highlights the most recent progress in developing MOF sensing and switching materials with an emphasis on sensing mechanisms based on electricity, magnetism, ferroelectricity and chromism, and provides insight for the future development of advanced MOF materials as next-generation gas and VOC sensors.
Abstract: Developing efficient sensor materials with superior performance for selective, fast and sensitive detection of gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential for human health and environmental protection, through monitoring indoor and outdoor air pollutions, managing industrial processes, controlling food quality and assisting early diagnosis of diseases. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a unique type of crystalline and porous solid material constructed from metal nodes (metal ions or clusters) and functional organic ligands. They have been investigated extensively for possible use as high performance sensors for the detection of many different gases and VOCs in recent years, due to their large surface area, tunable pore size, functionalizable sites and intriguing properties, such as electrical conductivity, magnetism, ferroelectricity, luminescence and chromism. The high porosity of MOFs allows them to interact strongly with various analytes, including gases and VOCs, thus resulting in easily measurable responses to different physicochemical parameters. Although much of the recent work on MOF-based luminescent sensors have been summarized in several excellent reviews (up to 2018), a comprehensive overview of these materials for sensing gases and VOCs based on chemiresistive, magnetic, ferroelectric, and colorimertic mechanisms is missing. In this review, we highlight the most recent progress in developing MOF sensing and switching materials with an emphasis on sensing mechanisms based on electricity, magnetism, ferroelectricity and chromism. We provide a comprehensive analysis on the MOF–analyte interactions in these processes, which play a key role in the sensing performance of the MOF-based sensors and switches. We discuss in detail possible applications of MOF-based sensing and switching materials in detecting oxygen, water vapor, toxic industrial gases (such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, carbon oxides and carbon disulfide) and VOCs (such as aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, chlorinated hydrocarbons and N,N′-dimethylformamide). Overall, this review serves as a timely source of information and provides insight for the future development of advanced MOF materials as next-generation gas and VOC sensors.

631 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The overlap of technical expertise in enzyme immobilization, protein and process engineering will define the next generation of immobilized biocatalysts and the successful scale-up of their induced processes.
Abstract: Enzymes as industrial biocatalysts offer numerous advantages over traditional chemical processes with respect to sustainability and process efficiency. Enzyme catalysis has been scaled up for commercial processes in the pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries, although further enhancements in stability and biocatalyst functionality are required for optimal biocatalytic processes in the energy sector for biofuel production and in natural gas conversion. The technical barriers associated with the implementation of immobilized enzymes suggest that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the development of immobilized biocatalysts applicable in such industrial-scale processes. Specifically, the overlap of technical expertise in enzyme immobilization, protein and process engineering will define the next generation of immobilized biocatalysts and the successful scale-up of their induced processes. This review discusses how biocatalysis has been successfully deployed, how enzyme immobilization can improve industrial processes, as well as focuses on the analysis tools critical for the multi-scale implementation of enzyme immobilization for increased product yield at maximum market profitability and minimum logistical burden on the environment and user.

470 citations