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Santiago Castiello

Bio: Santiago Castiello is an academic researcher from University of Guadalajara. The author has contributed to research in topics: Facial expression & Autism. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 3 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a multilevel polynomial modeling strategy was used to describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of eye gaze to emotional facial expressions, and it was shown that atypical gaze to the eyes is best predicted by alexithymia in both autistic and non-autistic individuals.

11 citations


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TL;DR: Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to represent the mental states of oneself and others, is an essential social skill disrupted across many psychiatric conditions as discussed by the authors, and it is plausible that ToM impairment is related to alexithymia (difficulties identifying and describing one's own emotions).

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article evaluated studies that measured the relationship between eye gaze and activity in the 'social brain' when viewing facial stimuli and found that eye avoidance may be used to reduce amygdala-related hyperarousal among people on the autism spectrum.
Abstract: Reduced eye contact early in life may play a role in the developmental pathways that culminate in a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. However, there are contradictory theories regarding the neural mechanisms involved. According to the amygdala theory of autism, reduced eye contact results from a hypoactive amygdala that fails to flag eyes as salient. However, the eye avoidance hypothesis proposes the opposite-that amygdala hyperactivity causes eye avoidance. This review evaluated studies that measured the relationship between eye gaze and activity in the 'social brain' when viewing facial stimuli. Of the reviewed studies, eight of eleven supported the eye avoidance hypothesis. These results suggest eye avoidance may be used to reduce amygdala-related hyperarousal among people on the autism spectrum.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used factor-analytic and network approaches to determine whether alexithymia should be considered a product of autism or regarded as a separate condition.
Abstract: Despite the heterogeneity in autism, socioemotional difficulties are often framed as universal. Increasing evidence, however, suggests that socioemotional difficulties may be explained by alexithymia, a distinct yet frequently co-occurring condition. If, as some propose, autistic traits are responsible for socioemotional impairments, then alexithymia may itself be a symptom of autism. We aimed to determine whether alexithymia should be considered a product of autism or regarded as a separate condition. Using factor-analytic and network approaches, we provide evidence that alexithymic and autistic traits are distinct. We argue that: (1) models of socioemotional processing in autism should conceptualise difficulties as intrinsic to alexithymia; and (2) assessment of alexithymia is crucial for diagnosis and personalised interventions.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2022-Cortex
TL;DR: In this paper , an objective, data-driven method for the analysis of gaze patterns and their relation to diagnostic test scores was presented. But this method was applied to data acquired in an adult sample (N = 111) of psychiatry outpatients while they freely looked at images of human faces.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic review and meta‐analysis supports the investigation of gaze variables as potential biomarkers of ASD, although future longitudinal studies are required to investigate the developmental progression of this relationship and to explore the influence of heterogeneity in ASD clinical characteristics.
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by significant social functioning impairments, including (but not limited to) emotion recognition, mentalizing, and joint attention. Despite extensive investigation into the correlates of social functioning in ASD, only recently has there been focus on the role of low‐level sensory input, particularly visual processing. Extensive gaze deficits have been described in ASD, from basic saccadic function through to social attention and the processing of complex biological motion. Given that social functioning often relies on accurately processing visual information, inefficient visual processing may contribute to the emergence and sustainment of social functioning difficulties in ASD. To explore the association between measures of gaze and social functioning in ASD, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. A total of 95 studies were identified from a search of CINAHL Plus, Embase, OVID Medline, and psycINFO databases in July 2021. Findings support associations between increased gaze to the face/head and eye regions with improved social functioning and reduced autism symptom severity. However, gaze allocation to the mouth appears dependent on social and emotional content of scenes and the cognitive profile of participants. This review supports the investigation of gaze variables as potential biomarkers of ASD, although future longitudinal studies are required to investigate the developmental progression of this relationship and to explore the influence of heterogeneity in ASD clinical characteristics.

4 citations