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Sarah E. Caldwell

Bio: Sarah E. Caldwell is an academic researcher from Duke University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Nitrosation & Nitrosyl chloride. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 6 publications receiving 1140 citations.
Topics: Nitrosation, Nitrosyl chloride, Alkyl, Aryl, Viscosity

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1995-Lipids
TL;DR: The mechanisms of these primary reaction steps has been the focus of extensive research over the past fifty years, and the current level of understanding of these transformations is the subject of this review.
Abstract: The primary producs formed from the autoxidation of lipids can be understood based upon a mechanism that involves five different reaction types. These reactions are: reaction of a carbon radical and molecular oxygen, atom transfer of a hydrogen from substrate to the chain carrying peroxyl, fragmentation of the chain carrying peroxyl to give oxygen and a carbon radical, rearrangement of the peroxyl, and cyclization of the peroxyl. The mechanisms of these primary reaction steps has been the focus of extensive research over the past fifty years, and the current level of understanding of these transformations is the subject of this review.

1,100 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the reaction of O-tertiary alkyl aryl hydroxamate esters with nitrosyl chloride gives O-TERTiary alkal aryls peresters that can be hydrolyzed to the hydroperoxide.
Abstract: Reaction of O-tertiary alkyl arylhydroxamate esters with nitrosyl chloride gives O-tertiary alkyl aryl peresters that can be hydrolyzed to the hydroperoxide. If the hydroxamate ester carbonyl oxyge...

21 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review examines the evidence for involvement of the oxidative stress in the carcinogenesis process and the role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the process of carcinogenesis as well as the antioxidant interactions with various regulatory factors.

5,937 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current knowledge and advances in the understanding of oxidative processes in biological systems are summarized and this knowledge is extended to specific applications in aquatic organisms because of their sensitivity to oxidative pollutants, their filtration capacity, and their potential for environmental toxicology studies.

1,549 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a critical analysis of the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis, the potential physiological functions of the potential therapeutic roles, and its pathological roles, together with a potential for therapeutic targeting.
Abstract: The research field of ferroptosis has seen exponential growth over the past few years, since the term was coined in 2012. This unique modality of cell death, driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including redox homeostasis, iron handling, mitochondrial activity and metabolism of amino acids, lipids and sugars, in addition to various signalling pathways relevant to disease. Numerous organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are driven by ferroptosis. Intriguingly, therapy-resistant cancer cells, particularly those in the mesenchymal state and prone to metastasis, are exquisitely vulnerable to ferroptosis. As such, pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis, via both its induction and its inhibition, holds great potential for the treatment of drug-resistant cancers, ischaemic organ injuries and other degenerative diseases linked to extensive lipid peroxidation. In this Review, we provide a critical analysis of the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis, the potential physiological functions of ferroptosis in tumour suppression and immune surveillance, and its pathological roles, together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. Importantly, as in all rapidly evolving research areas, challenges exist due to misconceptions and inappropriate experimental methods. This Review also aims to address these issues and to provide practical guidelines for enhancing reproducibility and reliability in studies of ferroptosis. Finally, we discuss important concepts and pressing questions that should be the focus of future ferroptosis research.

1,243 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1995-Lipids
TL;DR: The mechanisms of these primary reaction steps has been the focus of extensive research over the past fifty years, and the current level of understanding of these transformations is the subject of this review.
Abstract: The primary producs formed from the autoxidation of lipids can be understood based upon a mechanism that involves five different reaction types. These reactions are: reaction of a carbon radical and molecular oxygen, atom transfer of a hydrogen from substrate to the chain carrying peroxyl, fragmentation of the chain carrying peroxyl to give oxygen and a carbon radical, rearrangement of the peroxyl, and cyclization of the peroxyl. The mechanisms of these primary reaction steps has been the focus of extensive research over the past fifty years, and the current level of understanding of these transformations is the subject of this review.

1,100 citations