Author
Sarah Gehlert
Other affiliations: University of Washington, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Chicago ...read more
Bio: Sarah Gehlert is an academic researcher from Washington University in St. Louis. The author has contributed to research in topics: Health equity & Population. The author has an hindex of 30, co-authored 115 publications receiving 3620 citations. Previous affiliations of Sarah Gehlert include University of Washington & University of Illinois at Chicago.
Topics: Health equity, Population, Breast cancer, Social work, Health care
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: The National Institutes of Health-sponsored Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities are the first federal initiative to support transdisciplinary multilevel research on the determinants of health disparities.
Abstract: Addressing health disparities has been a national challenge for decades. The National Institutes of Health-sponsored Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities are the first federal initiative to support transdisciplinary multilevel research on the determinants of health disparities. Their novel research approach combines population, clinical, and basic science to elucidate the complex determinants of health disparities. The centers are partnering with community-based, public, and quasi-public organizations to disseminate scientific findings and guide clinical practice in communities. In turn, communities and public health agents are shaping the research. The relationships forged through these complex collaborations increase the likelihood that the centers' scientific findings will be relevant to communities and contribute to reductions in health disparities.
445 citations
TL;DR: Variation was found across phases of cycle and groups, with five factors predominating: anger/irritability, depressed mood, anxiety/tension, decreased energy and interest with physical symptoms, and (5) eating problems.
Abstract: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder was included in an appendix of DSM-III-R (revised third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) and DSM-IV to facilitate systematic research. Items contained in its set of research criteria were considered tentative. Only one previous study of premenstrual symptoms specifically addressed symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and it did not use DSM-IV criteria. In the present study, prospectively measured symptoms of 99 women were analyzed using exploratory principal components analysis with orthogonal rotation on all 24 items derived from the 11 symptoms listed in DSM-IV. Variation was found across phases of cycle and groups, with five factors predominating: (1) anger/irritability, (2) depressed mood, (3) anxiety/tension, (4) decreased energy and interest with physical symptoms, and (5) eating problems.
244 citations
TL;DR: This approach identifies how specific social environments "get under the skin" to cause disease, illustrated with the disparity in mortality from aggressive premenopausal breast cancer suffered by black women.
Abstract: Certain social/environmental factors put some groups at extraordinary risk for adverse health outcomes, creating health disparities. We present a downward causal model, originating at the population level and ending at disease, with psychological and behavioral responses linking the two. This approach identifies how specific social environments “get under the skin” to cause disease, illustrated with the disparity in mortality from aggressive premenopausal breast cancer suffered by black women. Broadening our lens to consider the entire chain of causal factors, spanning multiple levels and interacting across the life span, heightens our ability to craft specific interventions to address group differences in health.
227 citations
TL;DR: To achieve maximal possible cancer prevention, better ways to implement what the authors know and improved infrastructure that will better incentivize and support transdisciplinary, multilevel research and successful intervention are needed.
Abstract: More than half of the cancer occurring today is preventable by applying knowledge that we already have. Tobacco, obesity, and physical inactivity are the modifiable causes of cancer that generate the most disease. Cancer burden can be reduced by alterations in individual and population behaviors and by public health efforts as long as these changes are driven by sound scientific knowledge and social commitment to change. The obstacles to these efforts are societal and arise from the organization of institutions, including academia, and in the habits of daily life. To achieve maximal possible cancer prevention, we will need better ways to implement what we know and improved infrastructure that will better incentivize and support transdisciplinary, multilevel research and successful intervention.
218 citations
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: This paper presented a downward causal model, originating at the population level and ending at disease, with psychological and be- havioral responses linking the two, to identify how specific social environ- ments "get under the skin" to cause disease, illustrated with the disparity in mortality from aggressive premenopausal breast cancer suffered by black women.
Abstract: Certain social/environmental factors put some groups at extraordinary risk for adverse health outcomes, creating health disparities. We present a downward causal model, originating at the population level and ending at disease, with psychological and be- havioral responses linking the two. This approach identifies how specific social environ- ments "get under the skin" to cause disease, illustrated with the disparity in mortality from aggressive premenopausal breast cancer suffered by black women. Broadening our lens to consider the entire chain of causal factors, spanning multiple levels and interacting across the life span, heightens our ability to craft specific interventions to address group differ- ences in health. (Health Affairs 27, no. 2 (2008): 339-349; 10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.339)
205 citations
Cited by
More filters
TL;DR: Reading a book as this basics of qualitative research grounded theory procedures and techniques and other references can enrich your life quality.
13,415 citations
TL;DR: This work has revealed the genomic landscapes of common forms of human cancer, which consists of a small number of “mountains” (genes altered in a high percentage of tumors) and a much larger number of "hills" (Genes altered infrequently).
Abstract: Over the past decade, comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed the genomic landscapes of common forms of human cancer. For most cancer types, this landscape consists of a small number of “mountains” (genes altered in a high percentage of tumors) and a much larger number of “hills” (genes altered infrequently). To date, these studies have revealed ~140 genes that, when altered by intragenic mutations, can promote or “drive” tumorigenesis. A typical tumor contains two to eight of these “driver gene” mutations; the remaining mutations are passengers that confer no selective growth advantage. Driver genes can be classified into 12 signaling pathways that regulate three core cellular processes: cell fate, cell survival, and genome maintenance. A better understanding of these pathways is one of the most pressing needs in basic cancer research. Even now, however, our knowledge of cancer genomes is sufficient to guide the development of more effective approaches for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality.
6,441 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a collection of qualified narrative methods for the human sciences that has actually been composed by the authors themselves, which can be used as an excellent source for reading.
Abstract: Whatever our proffesion, narrative methods for the human sciences can be excellent source for reading. Locate the existing files of word, txt, kindle, ppt, zip, pdf, as well as rar in this site. You can definitely check out online or download this publication by right here. Now, never ever miss it. Searching for a lot of offered publication or reading source worldwide? We supply them all in layout kind as word, txt, kindle, pdf, zip, rar and ppt. among them is this qualified narrative methods for the human sciences that has actually been composed by Still confused how you can get it? Well, simply check out online or download by signing up in our website below. Click them. Our goal is always to offer you an assortment of cost-free ebooks too as aid resolve your troubles. We have got a considerable collection of totally free of expense Book for people from every single stroll of life. We have got tried our finest to gather a sizable library of preferred cost-free as well as paid files. GO TO THE TECHNICAL WRITING FOR AN EXPANDED TYPE OF THIS NARRATIVE METHODS FOR THE HUMAN SCIENCES, ALONG WITH A CORRECTLY FORMATTED VERSION OF THE INSTANCE MANUAL PAGE ABOVE.
2,657 citations
25 May 2011
TL;DR: A quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer was performed, indicating at least a decade between the occurrence of the initiating mutation and the birth of the parental, non-metastatic founder cell.
Abstract: Metastasis, the dissemination and growth of neoplastic cells in an organ distinct from that in which they originated, is the most common cause of death in cancer patients. This is particularly true for pancreatic cancers, where most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease and few show a sustained response to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Whether the dismal prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer compared to patients with other types of cancer is a result of late diagnosis or early dissemination of disease to distant organs is not known. Here we rely on data generated by sequencing the genomes of seven pancreatic cancer metastases to evaluate the clonal relationships among primary and metastatic cancers. We find that clonal populations that give rise to distant metastases are represented within the primary carcinoma, but these clones are genetically evolved from the original parental, non-metastatic clone. Thus, genetic heterogeneity of metastases reflects that within the primary carcinoma. A quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer was performed, indicating at least a decade between the occurrence of the initiating mutation and the birth of the parental, non-metastatic founder cell. At least five more years are required for the acquisition of metastatic ability and patients die an average of two years thereafter. These data provide novel insights into the genetic features underlying pancreatic cancer progression and define a broad time window of opportunity for early detection to prevent deaths from metastatic disease.
2,019 citations