Sarah Teige-Mocigemba

Bio: Sarah Teige-Mocigemba is an academic researcher from University of Marburg. The author has contributed to research in topics: Implicit-association test & Implicit attitude. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 24 publications receiving 1561 citations. Previous affiliations of Sarah Teige-Mocigemba include University of Freiburg.

Implicit measures: A normative analysis and review.

Abstract: Implicit measures can be defined as outcomes of measurement procedures that are caused in an automatic manner by psychological attributes. To establish that a measurement outcome is an implicit measure, one should examine (a) whether the outcome is causally produced by the psychological attribute it was designed to measure, (b) the nature of the processes by which the attribute causes the outcome, and (c) whether these processes operate automatically. This normative analysis provides a heuristic framework for organizing past and future research on implicit measures. The authors illustrate the heuristic function of their framework by using it to review past research on the 2 implicit measures that are currently most popular: effects in implicit association tests and affective priming tasks.

Process components of the Implicit Association Test: A diffusion-model analysis.

Abstract: The authors present a diffusion-model analysis of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). In Study 1, the IAT effect was decomposed into 3 dissociable components: Relative to the compatible phase, (a) ease and speed of information accumulation are lowered in the incompatible phase, (b) more cautious speed-accuracy settings are adopted, and (c) nondecision components of processing require more time. Studies 2 and 3 assessed the nature of interindividual differences in these components. Construct-specific variance in the IAT relating to the construct to be measured (such as implicit attitudes) was concentrated in the compatibility effect on information accumulation (Studies 2 and 3), whereas systematic method variance in the IAT was mapped on differential speed-accuracy settings (Study 3). Implications of these dissociations for process theories of the IAT and for applications are discussed.

Understanding the role of executive control in the implicit association test: why flexible people have small IAT effects.

Abstract: The goal of the present research was to investigate the role of three central-executive functions—switching of mental sets, inhibition of prepotent responses, and simultaneous storage and processing (i.e., working-memory capacity)—in accounting for method variance in the Implicit Association Test (IAT). In two studies, several IATs with unrelated contents were administered along with a battery of central-executive tasks, with multiple tasks tapping each of the above executive functions. Method variance was found to be related to the switching factor, but not to the inhibition factor. There was also evidence for a small independent contribution of the working-memory capacity factor. The findings constrain process accounts of the IAT, lending support to an account in terms of task-set switching, and they have consequences for applications.

Minimizing the influence of recoding in the Implicit Association Test: The Recoding-Free Implicit Association Test (IAT-RF):

Abstract: Recoding processes can influence the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) in a way that impedes an unequivocal interpretation of the resulting compatibility effects. We present a modified version of the IAT that aims to eliminate recoding, the IAT-RF (short for “IAT–recoding free”). In the IAT-RF, compatible and incompatible assignments of categories to responses switch randomly between trials within a single experimental block. Abandoning an extended sequence of consistent category–response mappings undermines recoding processes in the IAT-RF. Two experiments reveal that the IAT-RF is capable of assessing compatibility effects between the nominally defined categories of the task and effectively prevents recoding. By enforcing a processing of the stimuli in terms of their task-relevant category membership, the IAT-RF eliminates the confounding of compatibility effects with task switch costs and becomes immune against biased selections of stimuli.

7. A practical guide to implicit association tests and related tasks

Abstract: numerical algorithm 1 model parameters. igy, 52, 1-9. coding and memory. 3)‘. 94, 90——IO-O. l, directionality, and Experimental Psychol. ffective and associa- al decision task-. Yes ts reveal evaluative Lxperzrnental Psycho]. iition. Z6, 456_469_ (3003). Age stereo- ien: Analyses of ac- ytgnce-priming task-_ . Automatic evalua- of masked affective ition and Emotion. zpeated masked cat- ed exemplars: New priming. Journal of . M€7T10Ty. and Cog- ). Response-bound fig in the naming 74-384. /ho wants to be automatic adapta- nition, 22, 30.53, .ssessing the struc- sclf-defensive pm. task. Self and Iden- W. (2005). Masked Evidence for a cor- t self-esteem. jam. 3', 41, 654-663. 003). The “med. A general model J. Musch & K. C. tluations Affective PD. 5]—86). Mah- riming semantic? ilogy, 8, 113-161. ittitudes through Schwar: (Eds), 7-58). Next: York: ?- 5- (1997). Evi- rlicit level and its isures. Journal of 262-274. B. (2001). Evalu- n automatic ste- Experimentul So- CHAPTER 7 A Practical Guide to Implicit Association Tests and Related Tasks Sarah Teige—Mocigemba, Karl Christoph Klauer, and Jeffrey W. Sherman he story of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) is one of an incredible boom. Eleven years after its first publication. more than 450 articles have been published that either applied the method to the assessment of various “implicitq constructs (for 21 definition of the term implicit and its different uses, see De Houwer, 2006; De Houwer & Moors, 2007; De Houwer. Teige-Mocigemba, Spruyt, & Moors. 2009) or investigated the underlying processes and possible confounds of IAT effects. In the present chapter. we trace this story of the IAT by review- ing research on the IAT and related tasks. In par- ticular, we initially identify factors that contrib- uted to the explosion of IAT research. We then introduce the IAT methodology. review findings of its psychometric properties, and present process models that have been proposed to account for IAT effects. In the course of discussing research on contaminations oflAT effects, we finally intro- duce [AT-related tasks, most of which have been developed as possible solutions to IAT confounds. Other possible remedies for the respective con- founds are also presented. H7 ON A NEW APPROACH TO AN OLD PROBLEM Since researchers aim at assessing core psychologi- cal processes, they are faced with two key problems ofdirect measures (e.g., self-reports), namely intro- spective limits (e.g., Nisbett & V/ilson. 1977) and susceptibility to self-presentation or socially desir- able responding (e.g., Paulhus. 1984). The idea that there might be more about ourselves than we can tell or want to tell promoted the development of several indirect measures. Such measures were developed in the hope of obtaining diagnostic in- ferences about a person's dispositions without hav- ing to ask the person directly. This hope, however, was soon dampened as findings of unacceptable reliability and validity questioned the usefulness of early indirect measures such as projective tests (e.g., Lilienfeld, \X/ood, & Garb, 2000). With technological progress making it pos- sible to present stimuli and record response times with highly accurate computer-based methods, a new class of indirect measures emerged, namely response time nieasurcs (also termed “implicitq

The Nature and Organization of Individual Differences in Executive Functions: Four General Conclusions

Abstract: Executive functions (EFs)—a set of general-purpose control processes that regulate one’s thoughts and behaviors—have become a popular research topic lately and have been studied in many subdisciplines of psychological science. This article summarizes the EF research that our group has conducted to understand the nature of individual differences in EFs and their cognitive and biological underpinnings. In the context of a new theoretical framework that we have been developing (the unity/diversity framework), we describe four general conclusions that have emerged. Specifically, we argue that individual differences in EFs, as measured with simple laboratory tasks, (a) show both unity and diversity (different EFs are correlated yet separable), (b) reflect substantial genetic contributions, (c) are related to various clinically and societally important phenomena, and (d) show some developmental stability.

Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity.

Abstract: This review of 122 research reports (184 independent samples, 14,900 subjects) found average r = .274 for prediction of behavioral, judgment, and physiological measures by Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures. Parallel explicit (i.e., self-report) measures, available in 156 of these samples (13,068 subjects), also predicted effectively (average r = .361), but with much greater variability of effect size. Predictive validity of self-report was impaired for socially sensitive topics, for which impression management may distort self-report responses. For 32 samples with criterion measures involving Black-White interracial behavior, predictive validity of IAT measures significantly exceeded that of self-report measures. Both IAT and self-report measures displayed incremental validity, with each measure predicting criterion variance beyond that predicted by the other. The more highly IAT and self-report measures were intercorrelated, the greater was the predictive validity of each.

Implicit Racial/Ethnic Bias Among Health Care Professionals and Its Influence on Health Care Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Background. In the United States, people of color face disparities in access to health care, the quality of care received, and health outcomes. The attitudes and behaviors of health care providers have been identified as one of many factors that contribute to health disparities. Implicit attitudes are thoughts and feelings that often exist outside of conscious awareness, and thus are difficult to consciously acknowledge and control. These attitudes are often automatically activated and can influence human behavior without conscious volition.Objectives. We investigated the extent to which implicit racial/ethnic bias exists among health care professionals and examined the relationships between health care professionals’ implicit attitudes about racial/ethnic groups and health care outcomes.Search Methods. To identify relevant studies, we searched 10 computerized bibliographic databases and used a reference harvesting technique.Selection Criteria. We assessed eligibility using double independent screening ba...