Author
Sarah Walpole
Other affiliations: Médecins Sans Frontières, Castle Hill Hospital, University College London ...read more
Bio: Sarah Walpole is an academic researcher from Newcastle University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Health care & Health policy. The author has an hindex of 11, co-authored 35 publications receiving 894 citations. Previous affiliations of Sarah Walpole include Médecins Sans Frontières & Castle Hill Hospital.
Papers
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TL;DR: Increasing population fatness could have the same implications for world food energy demands as an extra half a billion people living on the earth.
Abstract: The energy requirement of species at each trophic level in an ecological pyramid is a function of the number of organisms and their average mass. Regarding human populations, although considerable attention is given to estimating the number of people, much less is given to estimating average mass, despite evidence that average body mass is increasing. We estimate global human biomass, its distribution by region and the proportion of biomass due to overweight and obesity. For each country we used data on body mass index (BMI) and height distribution to estimate average adult body mass. We calculated total biomass as the product of population size and average body mass. We estimated the percentage of the population that is overweight (BMI > 25) and obese (BMI > 30) and the biomass due to overweight and obesity. In 2005, global adult human biomass was approximately 287 million tonnes, of which 15 million tonnes were due to overweight (BMI > 25), a mass equivalent to that of 242 million people of average body mass (5% of global human biomass). Biomass due to obesity was 3.5 million tonnes, the mass equivalent of 56 million people of average body mass (1.2% of human biomass). North America has 6% of the world population but 34% of biomass due to obesity. Asia has 61% of the world population but 13% of biomass due to obesity. One tonne of human biomass corresponds to approximately 12 adults in North America and 17 adults in Asia. If all countries had the BMI distribution of the USA, the increase in human biomass of 58 million tonnes would be equivalent in mass to an extra 935 million people of average body mass, and have energy requirements equivalent to that of 473 million adults. Increasing population fatness could have the same implications for world food energy demands as an extra half a billion people living on the earth.
672 citations
Newcastle University1, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust2, Bond University3, University of Jaén4, King's College London5, University of Notre Dame Australia6, University of Oxford7, Trinity College, Dublin8, Dalarna University9, Harvard University10, University of Caxias do Sul11, University of Dundee12, Great Ormond Street Hospital13, University of Calgary14, University of Edinburgh15, Esslingen University of Applied Sciences16, University of South Dakota17, Queen Mary University of London18, Imperial College London19, Swansea University20, University of North Dakota21, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai22, Queensland University of Technology23, University of British Columbia24
TL;DR: The Consensus Statement as mentioned in this paper provides a global, collaborative, representative and inclusive vision for educating an interprofessional healthcare workforce that can deliver sustainably and sustainably care for the patients.
Abstract: The purpose of this Consensus Statement is to provide a global, collaborative, representative and inclusive vision for educating an interprofessional healthcare workforce that can deliver sustainab...
125 citations
George Mason University1, Trinity Western University2, University of Caxias do Sul3, Dominican University of California4, University of KwaZulu-Natal5, Tufts University6, University of California, San Francisco7, University of Calgary8, University of Wisconsin-Madison9, Brunel University London10, University of Eldoret11, University of Minnesota12, University of North Dakota13, Newcastle University14, University of Alabama at Birmingham15, University of Ottawa16
75 citations
TL;DR: The Sustainable Healthcare Education network has succeeded in changing health professional curricula at several levels and made planetary health education clinically relevant by publishing case studies and teaching materials, developing educational activities and approaches, and introducing three learning objectives.
65 citations
TL;DR: Much of the evidence identified by this review is methodologically weak or includes assertions made without qualification, which means high-quality research is needed to improve the understanding of the treatment of depression in Muslim clients.
52 citations
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10 Feb 2018
TL;DR: The Lancet Countdown tracks progress on health and climate change and provides an independent assessment of the health effects of climate change, the implementation of the Paris Agreement, and the impact of the global warming in the coming years.
Abstract: Watts N, Amann M, Ayeb-Karlsson S, et al. The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health. Lancet 2018; 391: 581–630—In this Review (published online first on Oct 30, 2017), Jonathan Chambers, Ian Hamilton, Robert Lowe, and Steve Pye's affiliation has been corrected to UCL Energy Institute, London, UK; Fereidoon Owfi and Mahnaz Rabbaniha's affiliation has been corrected to Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, AREEO, Tehran, Iran; Meisam Tabatabaei's affiliation has been corrected to Biofuel Research Team, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, AREEO, Karaj, Iran; and Ali Mohammad Latifi's affiliation has been corrected to Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. In figures 31, 33, and 34, the formatting of the currency in the y-axis title has been corrected to US$2016. In figure 36, the y-axis title has been corrected to “Fossil fuel consumption subsidies (US$2016 billion)”. In figure 37, RGGI has been explained in the figure legend and an asterisk symbol has been removed from the figure. In Table 2, CO2 has been spelled out as carbon dioxide. These corrections have been made to the online version as of Nov 23, 2017, and the printed Review is correct.
620 citations
TL;DR: A baseline to monitor efforts to reduce antimicrobial use is provided and three global policies might curb antimicrobial consumption in food animal production are assessed: enforcing global regulations to cap antimicrobials use, adherence to nutritional guidelines leading to reduced meat consumption, and imposing a global user fee on veterinary antimicrobialUse.
Abstract: The large and expanding use of antimicrobials in livestock, a consequence of growing global demand for animal protein, is of considerable concern in light of the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Use of antimicrobials in animals has been linked to drug-resistant infections in animals ( 1 ) and humans ( 2 ). In September 2016, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly recognized the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in animals as a leading cause of rising AMR. In September 2018, the interagency group established by the UN Secretary General will report on progress in the global response to AMR, including antimicrobial consumption in animals. We provide a baseline to monitor efforts to reduce antimicrobial use and assess how three global policies might curb antimicrobial consumption in food animal production: (i) enforcing global regulations to cap antimicrobial use, (ii) adherence to nutritional guidelines leading to reduced meat consumption, and (iii) imposing a global user fee on veterinary antimicrobial use.
397 citations
TL;DR: Professor Freidson postulates that “professionalism is being reborn in a hierarchical form in which everyday practitioners become subject to …”
Abstract: Eliot Freidson Polity Press, £39.50, pp 238 ISBN 0–7456–1280–6
As doctors in the NHS find themselves increasingly forced to defend their professional status, Professionalism Reborn provides a welcome framework for debate. With the stated intention of exploring the general phenomenon of professionalism, the author draws heavily from his long term studies of medicine. The issues he discusses and the messages and advice he offers are generic ones as relevant to the NHS as to his native America.
Professor Freidson postulates that “professionalism is being reborn in a hierarchical form in which everyday practitioners become subject to …
340 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The joint UN-HABITAT/WHO report Hidden cities: unmasking and overcoming health inequities in urban settings is the result of an intensive collaboration between theUN-HabITAT head office in Nairobi, Kenya, and the World Health Organization.
Abstract: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme or the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries or regarding its economic system or degree of development. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization or the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme do not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. The joint UN-HABITAT/WHO report Hidden cities: unmasking and overcoming health inequities in urban settings is the result of an intensive collaboration between the UN-HABITAT head office in Nairobi, Kenya, and the World Health Organization. REVIEW. We are very grateful to all the experts and colleagues who kindly agreed to review the report. NOTE: Examples from specific cities are used to illustrate different points within this report. These examples should not be interpreted as assessments of cities' overall level of health equity, nor should they be taken to mean that any city is more or less advanced than other cities in terms of its action to tackle the root causes of urban health inequities.
303 citations