Статья посвящена вопросам влияния власти на поведение человека. Авторы рассматривают данные различных источников, в которых увеличение власти связывается с напористостью, а ее уменьшение - с подавленностью. Конкретно, власть ассоциируется с: а) позитивным аффектом; б) вниманием к вознаграждению и к свойствам других, удовлетворяющим личные цели; в) автоматической переработкой информации и резкими суждениями; г) расторможенным социальным поведением. Уменьшение власти, напротив, ассоциируется с: а) негативным аффектом; б) вниманием к угрозам и наказаниям, к интересам других и к тем характеристикам я, которые отвечают целям других; в) контролируемой переработкой информации и совещательным типом рассуждений; г) подавленным социальным поведением. Обсуждаются также последствия этих паттернов поведения, связанных с властью, и потенциальные модераторы.

Power, approach, and inhibition. Власть, напористость и подавленность

This research examines how consumers' spending on themselves versus others can be affected by temporary shifts in their states of power. Five experiments found that individuals experiencing a state of power spent more money on themselves than on others, whereas those experiencing a state of powerlessness spent more money on others than on themselves. This effect was observed using a variety of power manipulations (hierarchical roles, print advertisements, episodic recall, and mental role-playing), across spending intentions and actual dollars spent, and among college and national samples. We propose that this effect occurs because power and powerlessness affect the psychological utility of self versus others, and this in turn affects the monetary worth allocated to spending on self versus others. The research makes novel contributions to appreciating how the spending on the self versus others varies as a function of psychological states and increases our understanding of the role of power in consumer behavior.

Generous Paupers and Stingy Princes: Power Drives Consumer Spending on Self versus Others

As the COVID-19 pandemic lingers, the possibility of 'pandemic fatigue' has raised worldwide concerns. Here, we examine whether there was a gradual reduction in adherence to protective behaviours against COVID-19 from March through December 2020, as hypothesized in expectations of fatigue. We considered self-report behaviours from representative samples of the populations of 14 countries (N = 238,797), as well as mobility and policy data for 124 countries. Our results show that changes in adherence were empirically meaningful and geographically widespread. While a low-cost and habituating behaviour (mask wearing) exhibited a linear rise in adherence, high-cost and sensitizing behaviours (physical distancing) declined, but this decline decelerated over time, with small rebounds seen in later months. Reductions in adherence to physical distancing showed little difference across societal groups, but were less intense in countries with high interpersonal trust. Alternative underlying mechanisms and policy implications are discussed.

/pdf/a-worldwide-assessment-of-changes-in-adherence-to-covid-19-mcj27z7b1b.pdf

A worldwide assessment of changes in adherence to COVID-19 protective behaviours and hypothesized pandemic fatigue.

Many marketers have struggled to harmonise the disparate and fragmented underpinnings characterising the sharing economy under a single umbrella that is not only comprehensive and inclusive but als...

The Sharing Economy: A Marketing Perspective:

It takes two to tango: The role of customer empathy and resources to improve the efficacy of frontline employee empathy

Despite the tremendous growth of Airbnb, various media have reported ethical misconduct occurring within the Airbnb context by both hosts and users. The current research seeks to examine the intera...

Sharing is (Not) Caring? The Interactive Effects of Power and Psychological Distance on Tolerance of Unethical Behavior:

The discourse of gender amidst the COVID-19 pandemic had been a big fuss. Amongst the discussions is the gender-related responses to COVID-19 that generally assume females to better respond to COVID-19 than males. Despite the converging assumptions, previous studies tend to conceptualize gender as binary biological sex, and consequently, there is little understanding of the gender-COVID-19 measures compliance relationship. By taking gender as a multidimensional perspective, this research aims to examine the relationship between sex, gender psychology, and gender-role with voluntary compliance to COVID-19 measures as well as the moderating role of situational aspects that can activate individuals' responses toward COVID-19. A survey had been conducted in Indonesia, as Indonesia represents a country with relaxed COVID-19 restrictions making voluntary compliance is deemed important. Consistent with our predictions and previous studies, females tend to better comply with COVID-19 when gender is treated as dichotomous sex. However, a closer look at the gender dimensions revealed that gender psychology (feminine vs masculine) and gender-role (traditional vs egalitarian) provide a better explanation of the specific compliance behaviour toward COVID-19 measures. Interestingly, although situational pathogen avoidance (SPA) directly leads to adherence to several compliance behaviours, it does not moderate the four compliance behaviour of COVID-19 measures. Theoretical and practical contributions are further discussed.

/pdf/explaining-the-voluntary-compliance-to-covid-19-measures-an-3vgtntu51n.pdf

Explaining the Voluntary Compliance to COVID-19 Measures: An Extrapolation on the Gender Perspective

Purpose: This study aims to empirically test the proposition that high narcissistic consumers are more likely to perform donation-related behavior, such as the intention to donate and to share the donation link, compared to low narcissistic consumers when the organization’s reputation is high. Built upon the evolutionary psychology theory, this study proposes that narcissism activates the status motive, and the relationship between narcissism, organization reputation and donation-related behavior can be explained by status motive. Design/methodology/approach: The current research comprises two between-subject experimental studies that use both measured and manipulated narcissism subsequently, whereas the organization’s reputation was manipulated in both studies. Findings: The results demonstrate that narcissistic consumers are more likely to donate and to share the donation advertisement when the donation organization is perceived as having a high (vs low) prestige. Further, the status motive mediates the effect of narcissism on donation decisions only when the donation organization is perceived as having high (vs low) prestige. Research limitations/implications: This research’s main limitation is that it only examines two alternate ways to improve perceived organization’s reputation (e.g. highlight the organization’s reputational features and link to reputable entities such as celebrities), although organizational literature suggests that perceived organization reputation can be improved in many ways. Practical implications: From a practical perspective, social marketers and donation organizations potentially benefit from this research because it demonstrates that high narcissistic consumers potentially involve in donation-related behaviors more than consumers with low narcissism when the organization is perceived as highly reputable. Originality/value: The current research contributes to the narcissism literature and adds to the evolutionary psychology theory by providing empirical evidence that narcissism, whether manifesting as a trait or a state, can activate a status motive that leads to prosocial behavior, but only when the donation organization is perceived as prestigious.

Turning narcissists into prosocial agents: explaining young people’s online donation behavior

This study attempted to examine the intention to act in an unethical manner among the economics and business students in Universitas Gadjah Mada by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Attitude, subjective norms, perceived personal outcome, perceived social acceptance, and perceived behavioural control were included in predicting this intention. A total of 208 students participated in the main investigation. Using ordinal regression, 3 hypothetical unethical situations were proposed to measure the students’ intended behaviour: (1) having the class attendance list signed by a classmate; (2) cheating in an examination or quiz; and (3) knowingly plagiarising someone else’s work. The results confirmed that attitude was the strongest predictor of a student’s intention to act in an unethical manner. The study findings also supported subjective norms as the second strongest predictor, which was followed by perceived personal outcome and perceived social acceptance as determinants of such behavioural intention. Meanwhile, the findings demonstrated that perceived behavioural control was the weakest predictor of intention. Analysis for each situation, implications for practitioners, specifically university teachers and education policy makers, and further research recommendations are also discussed.

https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jieb/article/download/6211/21580

Predicting intended unethical behaviour among college of economics and business students: an empirical study at universitas gadjah mada

Providing a consistently high level of service recovery performance is important to minimize the negative impact of service failure, such as negative word-of-mouth and plunging satisfaction. Thus, examining factors that promote service recovery performance is important. Service providers’ perception of the customers influences their service performance; and yet, its implications for service recovery performance have not been well understood. By applying McGregor’s classification of employee types to service consumers, this study examines whether a service provider’s perception of type Y customers influences their service recovery performance. Across a survey to 150 service providers, this study revealed that service recovery performance increases (decreases) when the customers are perceived to have a high (low) level of type Y characteristics (responsible and capable of directing and controlling themselves). In line with attachment theory, when the service providers perceive a high level of type Y customers, they are motivated to establish a strong rapport with the customers and hence, increase the service recovery performance to prevent the customers from leaving the company. More importantly, service providers’ perception of customers is positively influenced by their customer orientation. Therefore, management can promote customer orientation in order to promote service providers’ positive perceptions of the customers, rapport with the customers, and service recovery performance. 

Sari Winahjoe

Papers

Sharing is (Not) Caring? The Interactive Effects of Power and Psychological Distance on Tolerance of Unethical Behavior:

Explaining the Voluntary Compliance to COVID-19 Measures: An Extrapolation on the Gender Perspective

Turning narcissists into prosocial agents: explaining young people’s online donation behavior

Predicting intended unethical behaviour among college of economics and business students: an empirical study at universitas gadjah mada

Does Service Recovery Performance Vary according to a Service Provider’s Perception of Customer Type? The Application of Attachment Theory