Showing papers by "Saroj Kumar Mohapatra published in 2011"
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of process parameters such as molar ratio, preheating temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time was studied to standardize the transesterification process for estimating the highest recovery of ester with lowest possible viscosity.
Abstract: The present work aimed at the standardization of transesterification process parameters for the production of methyl ester of filtered neem oil and fuel characterization for engine performance. The effect of process parameters such as molar ratio, preheating temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time was studied to standardize the transesterification process for estimating the highest recovery of ester with lowest possible viscosity. Based on the observations of the ester recovery and kinematic viscosity, it was found that filtered neem oil at 6:1 M ratio (methanol to oil) preheated at 55 °C temperature and maintaining 60 °C reaction temperature for 60 min in the presence of 2 percent KOH and then allowed to settle for 24 h in order to get lowest kinematic viscosity (2.7 cSt) with ester recovery (83.36%). Different fuel properties of the neem methyl ester and neem oil were also measured. Results show that the methyl ester of neem obtained under the optimum condition is an excellent substitute for fossil fuels.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of different flow arrangements on thermal performance of a copper micro-channel heat sink was investigated with a test piece having inlet and outlet plenum dimensions of 10 mm × 30 mm × 2.5 mm with an array of parallel micro-channels having an individual width of 330 μm and a uniform channel depth of 2 mm.
Abstract: An experimental study is carried out to investigate the effect of entrance and exit conditions that prevail due to different flow arrangements on the thermal performance of a copper micro-channel heat sink. Three flow arrangements—U-type, S-type, and P-type—were considered for the analysis with a test piece having inlet and outlet plenum dimensions of 10 mm × 30 mm × 2.5 mm with an array of parallel micro-channels having an individual width of 330 μm and a uniform channel depth of 2.5 mm. Performance evaluations for different flow conditions at inlet and outlet plenums were made by maintaining constant heat supply at 125 W, 225 W, and 375 W with varying Reynolds number ranging from 224 to 1,121. Nusselt number and pressure drop were computed by measuring temperature difference and pressure drop across the inlet and outlet plenum for various test combinations. Maximum heat transfer was observed for the U-type flow arrangement, followed by the P-type and S-type; maximum pressure drop was noted for ...
28 citations
01 Jun 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and emission characteristics of selected fuel in a stationary single cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine and compare it with mineral diesel were investigated.
Abstract: In this study, the biodiesel produced from selected non-edible oils are prepared by a method of alkaline catalyzed transesterification. Esters of non-edible vegetable oils such as hemp oil and neem oil are potentially effective diesel substitute. The study is carried out to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of selected fuel in a stationary single cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine and compare it with mineral diesel. The engine performances (thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, and exhaust gas temperature) whereas exhaust emissions (oxides of nitrogen, unburned hydrocarbon and smoke opacity) are evaluated. The experimental results in each case are compared with baseline data of mineral diesel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The results show a 45.07% reduction in NOx, 84.42% reduction in HC, 28.35% in smoke but brake thermal efficiency increased slightly (0.19%) at full load for hemp biodiesel, 6.06% reduction in NOx, 2.59% reduction in HC, 18.39% reduction in smoke at full load for neem biodiesel, respectively. The experimental study indicates that selected fuel can be used as a fuel in compression ignition engine without any engine modification.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of fluidized bed reactors based on rice husk/rice straw and some data collected/measured from a rice hull-rice straw power plant is presented.
Abstract: Rice is cultivated in all the main regions of world. The worldwide annual rice production is 666 million tons for the year 2008. The combustion and gasification of rice husk/rice straw in fluidised bed reactors seems to be an attractive possibility of future for power generation, the solution of waste disposal problems and the reduction of greenhouse gases. In this paper, overview of fluidised bed reactors based on rice husk/rice straw and some data collected/measured from rice husk-rice straw power plant is presented. Combustion efficiency from 60% to 98%, combustion at bed temperature from to 600°C–850°C, carbon conversion efficiency up to 98% and cold gas efficiency up to 67% is reported. Gas heating value up to 6.6 MJ/m 3 and 5.5 MJ/kg is reported. Combustion intensity up to 530 kg/h/m 2 is reported. SOx and NOx emitted from fluidised bed combustors based on rice husk and rice straw are generally very less under normal operating conditions.
9 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of bed temperature, fuel density, particle size on exit gas composition and other hydrodynamic parameters of a 10 MW power plant is discussed, and a heat balance sheet for the 10 MW fluidized bed boiler based on rice waste is prepared.
Abstract: The design and operation of boilers using rice waste present a number of challenges. The overall capacity and efficiency of the boiler are strongly dependent on the fuel, and the supplier has to be able to guarantee the capacity and efficiency within the whole range of the fuel mixture being burned. It is well known that the exit gas composition is strongly dependent on the fuel. Bed temperature, fuel density and particle size significantly affect the hydrodynamic properties of a fluidized bed combustor. The effect of bed temperature, fuel density, particle size on exit gas composition and other hydrodynamic parameters of 10 MW power plant is discussed in this paper, and a heat balance sheet for the 10 MW fluidized bed boiler based on rice waste is prepared. Heat release in the fluidized bed region is also calculated and the efficiency of fluidized bed boiler is found.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of a 3.5 MW rice husk-based power plant situated at Nahar Spinning Mills Ltd. (NSML), Ludhiana, Punjab, India is presented.
Abstract: The combustion of rice husk in fluidised bed combustors seems to be an attractive possibility for power generation in the future, keeping in view the waste disposal problems and the reduction of greenhouse gases. In commercial installations, the occurrence of agglomeration is still one of the main reasons for unscheduled outrages. In this paper, a review of agglomeration mechanism and its prevention has been made by considering the case study of a 3.5 MW rice husk-based power plant situated at Nahar Spinning Mills Ltd. (NSML), Ludhiana, Punjab, India. Proximate, SEM analysis and quantitative elementary analysis of agglomerates samples taken from plant has been done and corrective measures have been suggested. TGA of rice husk taken from the plant has also been done to correlate it with agglomeration. The agglomeration and defluidisation in 3.5 MW NSML Ludhiana using rice husk particles is caused by high potassium content in the fuel. It is not possible to measure localised temperature, which may exceed 90...
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This paper has discussed about the regression testing of object oriented programs and how it is being used and also there is a discussion about regression test selection algorithm used for object oriented program especially for C++ programs.
Abstract: Regression testing plays a vital role for software maintenance when software is modified. The main purpose of regression testing is to ensure the bugs are fixed and the new functionality that are incorporated in a new version of a software do not unfavorably affect the correct functionality of the previous version. So to revalidate the modified software, regression testing is the right testing process. Though it is an expensive process which requires executing maintenance process frequently but it becomes necessary for subsequent version of test suites. In the context of object oriented software‟s large scale application, regression testing for object oriented software find its demand in industry and research in a wide form. In this paper, we have discussed about the regression testing of object oriented programs and how it is being used and also We have a discussion about regression test selection algorithm used for object oriented program especially for C++ programs.