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Saurabh Srivastava

Bio: Saurabh Srivastava is an academic researcher from Indian Institutes of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Program synthesis & Predicate abstraction. The author has an hindex of 15, co-authored 52 publications receiving 1258 citations. Previous affiliations of Saurabh Srivastava include University of California, Berkeley & Microsoft.


Papers
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
26 Aug 2019
TL;DR: This work proposes a methodological framework to evaluate support provided by a chatbot platform towards achieving quality in the application, and presents the use of the framework on a simple use case to highlight the phases of evaluation.
Abstract: The temptation to be able to talk to a machine is not new. Recent advancements in the field of Natural Language Understanding has made it possible to build conversational components that can be plugged inside an application, similar to other components. These components, called chatbots, can be created from scratch or with the help of commercially available platforms. These platforms make it easier to build and deploy chatbots, often without writing a single line of code. However, similar to any other software component, chatbots also have quality concerns. Despite significant contributions in the field, an architectural perspective of building chatbots with desired quality requirements is missing in the literature. In the current work, we highlight the impact of features provided by these platforms (along with their quality) on the application design process and overall quality attributes. We propose a methodological framework to evaluate support provided by a chatbot platform towards achieving quality in the application. The framework, called Hospitality Framework, is based on software architectural body of knowledge, especially architectural tactics. The framework produces a metric, called Hospitality Index, which has utilities for making various design decisions for the overall application. We present the use of our framework on a simple use case to highlight the phases of evaluation. We showcase the process by picking three popular chatbot platforms - Watson Assistant, DialogFlow and Lex, over four quality attributes - Modifiability, Security & Privacy, Interoperability and Reliability. Our results show that different platforms provide different support for these four quality attributes.

6 citations

Patent
02 Oct 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver is used to generate complex invariants in a program using a Satisfiability Matrices solver.
Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for generating complex invariants in a program using a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver. In one embodiment, the generated invariants may be used to validate assert statements in a program. Additionally or alternatively, a weakest pre-condition invariant may be generated such that parameters passed to the program that satisfy the weakest pre-condition are guaranteed to satisfy the program's assert statements. Additionally or alternatively, a strongest post-condition may be generated, determining what is guaranteed to be true about the state of the program upon completion of the program. In one embodiment, the SMT solver generates invariants by mapping predicates onto unknown variables in a template. The template may comprise unknown variables related by logical structures defined with disjunctions, universal quantifiers, and existential quantifiers. The predicates may comprise equalities and inequalities between program variables.

6 citations

Posted ContentDOI
28 May 2021-bioRxiv
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a set of naturally-evolved microbial molecules (bacterial adhesins, toxin subunits and viral hemagglutinininesterases) that recognize sialoglycans with defined specificity to delineate 9 classes of Sialoglycan Recognizing Probes (SGRPs: SGRP1-SGRP9) that can be used to explore mammalian sialome changes in a simple and systematic manner.
Abstract: Glycans that are abundantly displayed on vertebrate cell surface and secreted molecules are often capped with terminal sialic acids (Sias). These diverse 9-carbon-backbone monosaccharides are involved in numerous intrinsic biological processes. They also interact with commensals and pathogens, while undergoing dynamic changes in time and space, often influenced by environmental conditions. However, most of this sialoglycan complexity and variation remains poorly characterized by conventional techniques, which often tend to destroy or overlook crucial aspects of Sia diversity and/or fail to elucidate native structures in biological systems i.e., in the intact sialome. To date, in situ detection and analysis of sialoglycans has largely relied on the use of plant lectins, sialidases or antibodies, whose preferences (with certain exceptions) are limited and/or uncertain. We took advantage of naturally-evolved microbial molecules (bacterial adhesins, toxin subunits and viral hemagglutinin-esterases) that recognize sialoglycans with defined specificity to delineate 9 classes of Sialoglycan Recognizing Probes (SGRPs: SGRP1–SGRP9) that can be used to explore mammalian sialome changes in a simple and systematic manner, using techniques common in most laboratories. SGRP candidates with specificity defined by sialoglycan microarray studies were engineered as tagged probes, each with a corresponding non-binding mutant probe as a simple and reliable negative control. The optimized panel of SGRPs can be used in methods commonly available in most bioscience labs, such as ELISA, Western Blot, flow cytometry and histochemistry. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we provide examples of sialoglycome differences in tissues from C57BL/6 wild type mice and human-like Cmah−/− mice.

5 citations

Posted ContentDOI
26 Oct 2017-bioRxiv
TL;DR: A computational method, the Temporal Pathway Synthesizer (TPS), is presented, to discover missing pathway elements by modeling temporal phosphoproteomic data andhibiting predicted active kinases supports the TPS pathway model.
Abstract: Advances in proteomics reveal that pathway databases fail to capture the majority of cellular signaling activity. Our mass spectrometry study of the dynamic epidermal growth factor (EGF) response demonstrates that over 89% of significantly (de)phosphorylated proteins are excluded from individual EGF signaling maps, and 63% are absent from all annotated pathways. We present a computational method, the Temporal Pathway Synthesizer (TPS), to discover missing pathway elements by modeling temporal phosphoproteomic data. TPS uses constraint solving to exhaustively explore all possible structures for a signaling pathway, eliminating structures that are inconsistent with protein-protein interactions or the observed phosphorylation event timing. Applied to our EGF response data, TPS connects 83% of the responding proteins to receptors and signaling proteins in EGF pathway maps. Inhibiting predicted active kinases supports the TPS pathway model. The TPS algorithm is broadly applicable and also recovers an accurate model of the yeast osmotic stress response.

5 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Oct 2019
TL;DR: This work presents a Reference Architecture for building conversational components of IBM Watson Assistant and Google DialogFlow, and provides two Concrete Architectures for the same.
Abstract: Providing a multi-modal user interface adds value to any application. Allowing users to speak or chat with the system is one such area where software practitioners are putting a lot of effort. This involves building components which can understand the nuances of human conversation. Such components, often called “chatbots, can be built either from scratch, or using a commercial platform. The process of architecting such applications may differ significantly from the “conventional” applications that the software practitioners usually build. In this work, we present a Reference Architecture for building such applications. We apply the Reference Architecture to a sample use-case and provide two Concrete Architectures for the same. The two architectures are designed keeping in mind, two commercial platforms, IBM Watson Assistant and Google DialogFlow, assuming that they were used to build the conversational components.

5 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: This ebook is the first authorized digital version of Kernighan and Ritchie's 1988 classic, The C Programming Language (2nd Ed.), and is a "must-have" reference for every serious programmer's digital library.
Abstract: This ebook is the first authorized digital version of Kernighan and Ritchie's 1988 classic, The C Programming Language (2nd Ed.). One of the best-selling programming books published in the last fifty years, "K&R" has been called everything from the "bible" to "a landmark in computer science" and it has influenced generations of programmers. Available now for all leading ebook platforms, this concise and beautifully written text is a "must-have" reference for every serious programmers digital library. As modestly described by the authors in the Preface to the First Edition, this "is not an introductory programming manual; it assumes some familiarity with basic programming concepts like variables, assignment statements, loops, and functions. Nonetheless, a novice programmer should be able to read along and pick up the language, although access to a more knowledgeable colleague will help."

2,120 citations

01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling framework for modeling and testing the robustness of the modeled systems and some of the techniques used in this framework have been developed and tested in the field.
Abstract: ing WS1S Systems to Verify Parameterized Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Kai Baukus, Saddek Bensalem, Yassine Lakhnech and Karsten Stahl FMona: A Tool for Expressing Validation Techniques over Infinite State Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 J.-P. Bodeveix and M. Filali Transitive Closures of Regular Relations for Verifying Infinite-State Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Bengt Jonsson and Marcus Nilsson Diagnostic and Test Generation Using Static Analysis to Improve Automatic Test Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Marius Bozga, Jean-Claude Fernandez and Lucian Ghirvu Efficient Diagnostic Generation for Boolean Equation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Radu Mateescu Efficient Model-Checking Compositional State Space Generation with Partial Order Reductions for Asynchronous Communicating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Jean-Pierre Krimm and Laurent Mounier Checking for CFFD-Preorder with Tester Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Juhana Helovuo and Antti Valmari Fair Bisimulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Thomas A. Henzinger and Sriram K. Rajamani Integrating Low Level Symmetries into Reachability Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Karsten Schmidt Model-Checking Tools Model Checking Support for the ASM High-Level Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Giuseppe Del Castillo and Kirsten Winter Table of

1,687 citations

01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components (H/V ratio) of microtremors measured at the ground surface has been used to estimate fundamental periods and amplification factors of a site, although this technique lacks theoretical background.
Abstract: The spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components (H/V ratio) of microtremors measured at the ground surface has been used to estimate fundamental periods and amplification factors of a site, although this technique lacks theoretical background. The aim of this article is to formulate the H/V technique in terms of the characteristics of Rayleigh and Love waves, and to contribute to improve the technique. The improvement includes use of not only peaks but also troughs in the H/V ratio for reliable estimation of the period and use of a newly proposed smoothing function for better estimation of the amplification factor. The formulation leads to a simple formula for the amplification factor expressed with the H/V ratio. With microtremor data measured at 546 junior high schools in 23 wards of Tokyo, the improved technique is applied to mapping site periods and amplification factors in the area.

1,130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Sumit Gulwani1
26 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The design of a string programming/expression language that supports restricted forms of regular expressions, conditionals and loops is described and an algorithm based on several novel concepts for synthesizing a desired program in this language is described from input-output examples.
Abstract: We describe the design of a string programming/expression language that supports restricted forms of regular expressions, conditionals and loops. The language is expressive enough to represent a wide variety of string manipulation tasks that end-users struggle with. We describe an algorithm based on several novel concepts for synthesizing a desired program in this language from input-output examples. The synthesis algorithm is very efficient taking a fraction of a second for various benchmark examples. The synthesis algorithm is interactive and has several desirable features: it can rank multiple solutions and has fast convergence, it can detect noise in the user input, and it supports an active interaction model wherein the user is prompted to provide outputs on inputs that may have multiple computational interpretations.The algorithm has been implemented as an interactive add-in for Microsoft Excel spreadsheet system. The prototype tool has met the golden test - it has synthesized part of itself, and has been used to solve problems beyond author's imagination.

801 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A literature review article provides a comprehensive overview of literature related to a theme/theory/method and synthesizes prior studies to strengthen the foundation of knowledge as mentioned in this paper. But, there are not many reviews published describing how researchers can design and develop classic review articles.

660 citations