Saverio Caini

Bio: Saverio Caini is an academic researcher from Prevention Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Population. The author has an hindex of 31, co-authored 129 publications receiving 2881 citations. Previous affiliations of Saverio Caini include University of Florence & European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

MC1R variants, melanoma and red hair color phenotype: a meta-analysis.

Abstract: Melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) is one of the major genes that determine skin pigmentation. MC1R variants were suggested to be associated with red hair, fair skin, and an increased risk of melanoma. We performed a meta-analysis on the association between the 9 most studied MC1R variants (p.V60L, p.D84E, p.V92M, p.R142H, p.R151C, p.I155T, p.R160W, p.R163Q and p.D294H) and melanoma and/or red hair, fair skin phenotype. Eleven studies on MC1R and melanoma, and 9 on MC1R and phenotype were included in the analysis. The 7 variants p.D84E, p.R142H, p.R151C, p.I155T, p.R160W, p. R163Q and p.D294H were significantly associated with melanoma development, with ORs (95%CI) ranging from 1.42 (1.09-1.85) for p.R163Q to 2.45 (1.32-4.55) for p.I155T. The MC1R variants p.R160W and p.D294H were associated both with red hair and fair skin, while p.D84E, p.R142H, and p.R151C were strongly associated with red hair only- ORs (95%CI) ranged from 2.99 (1.51-5.91) for p.D84E to 8.10 (5.82-11.28) for p.R151C. No association with melanoma or phenotype was found for p.V60L and p.V92M variants. In conclusion this meta-analysis provided evidence that some MC1R variants are associated both with melanoma and phenotype, while other are only associated with melanoma development. These results suggest that MC1R variants could play a role in melanoma development both via pigmentary and non-pigmentary pathways.

Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza B: results of the Global Influenza B Study.

Abstract: The Global Influenza B Study includes the following members: Juan Manuel Rudi, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias ‘Dr. Emilio Coni’, Santa Fe, Argentina; Rhonda Owen, Influenza Surveillance Section, Surveillance Branch, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health and Ageing, Woden, Australia; Kunzang Dorji, Public Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan; Jose Ricardo Pio Marins and Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Marie-Astrid Vernet and Guy Vernet, Service de Virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon; Winston Andrade, Seccion de Virus Respiratorios y Exantematicos, Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Juan Yang and Ming Li, Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Jenny Lara, National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, San Jose, Costa Rica; Celina de Lozano, National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, San Salvador, El Salvador; Richard Pebody, Joanna Ellis and Helen Green, Respiratory Diseases Department, Public Health England, Colindale, UK; Leticia Castillo, National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Maria Luisa Matute, National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Nurhayati, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, and US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Jakarta Indonesia; Isabella Donatelli, National Influenza Center, Istituto Superiore Sanita, Rome, Italy; Coulibaly Daouda, National Institute of Public Hygiene, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire; Joshua A. Mott, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Norosoa Harline Razanajatovo, National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Laurence Randrianasolo, Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Liza Lopez, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Angel Balmaseda, National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua; Brechla Moreno, National Influenza Center, IC Gorgas, Panama City, Panama; Jeffrey Cutter, Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore; Vernon J. Lee, Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cheryl Cohen, Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis (CRDM), National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa, and School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Selim Badur, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Larysa Radchenko, L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; Joseph Bresee, Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Polymorphic DNA repair and metabolic genes: a multigenic study on gastric cancer

Abstract: Risk factors for gastric cancer (GC) include inter-individual variability in the inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori infection, in the ability of detoxifying DNA reactive species and repairing DNA damage generated by oxidative stress and dietary carcinogens. To evaluate the association between polymorphic DNA repair genes and GC risk, a case-control study including 314 histologically confirmed GC patients and 548 healthy controls was conducted in a GC high-risk area in Tuscany, Italy. Polymorphic variants of base excision repair (APE1-D148E, XRCC1-R194W, XRCC1-R399Q and OGG1-S326C), nucleotide excision repair (XPC-PAT, XPA-23G> A, ERCC1-19007T> C and XPD-L751Q), recombination (XRCC3-T241M) and alkylation damage reversal (MGMT-L84F) were tested for their potential role in the development of GC by using logistic regression models. The same population was also characterised for GSTT1 and GSTM1 variant alleles to search for possible functional interactions between metabolic and DNA repair genotypes by two-way interactions using multivariate logistic models. No significant association between any single DNA repair genotype and GC risk was detected with a borderline association with the XPC-PAT homozygous genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94-2.17]. Gene-gene interaction analysis revealed combinations of unfavourable genotypes involving either multiple DNA repair polymorphisms or DNA repair and GST-specific genotypes. The combination of the XPC-PAT and the XPA variant alleles significantly increased GC risk (OR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.17-3.93, P = 0.0092). A significant interaction was also found between the APE1 wild-type genotype and either the single GSTT1 (OR = 4.90; 95% CI 2.38-10.11, P = 0.0079) or double GSTM1-GSTT1 null (OR = 7.84; 95% CI 3.19-19.22, P = 0.0169) genotypes or the XPA-mutant allele (OR = 3.56; 95% CI 1.53-8.25, P = 0.0012). These findings indicate that a complex interaction between host factors such as oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and efficiency of multiple DNA repair pathways underlies the inter-individual variability in GC risk.

The European commission

Abstract: 2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020

Abstract: The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings. EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise . The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included. The full document can be downloaded for free on the website of this journal: http://www.rhinologyjournal.com.

Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer : a Global Perspective : 食物、栄養、身体活動とがんの予防 : 世界的展望(後篇)

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Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects.

Abstract: 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is the hormonally active form of vitamin D. The genomic mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 action involves the direct binding of the 1,25(OH)2D3 activated vitamin D receptor/retinoic X receptor (VDR/RXR) heterodimeric complex to specific DNA sequences. Numerous VDR co-regulatory proteins have been identified, and genome-wide studies have shown that the actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 involve regulation of gene activity at a range of locations many kilobases from the transcription start site. The structure of the liganded VDR/RXR complex was recently characterized using cryoelectron microscopy, X-ray scattering, and hydrogen deuterium exchange. These recent technological advances will result in a more complete understanding of VDR coactivator interactions, thus facilitating cell and gene specific clinical applications. Although the identification of mechanisms mediating VDR-regulated transcription has been one focus of recent research in the field, other topics of fundamental importance include the identification and functional significance of proteins involved in the metabolism of vitamin D. CYP2R1 has been identified as the most important 25-hydroxylase, and a critical role for CYP24A1 in humans was noted in studies showing that inactivating mutations in CYP24A1 are a probable cause of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. In addition, studies using knockout and transgenic mice have provided new insight on the physiological role of vitamin D in classical target tissues as well as evidence of extraskeletal effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 including inhibition of cancer progression, effects on the cardiovascular system, and immunomodulatory effects in certain autoimmune diseases. Some of the mechanistic findings in mouse models have also been observed in humans. The identification of similar pathways in humans could lead to the development of new therapies to prevent and treat disease.