The Cloud infrastructure and its extensive set of Internet-accessible resources has potential to provide significant benefits to robots and automation systems. We consider robots and automation systems that rely on data or code from a network to support their operation, i.e., where not all sensing, computation, and memory is integrated into a standalone system. This survey is organized around four potential benefits of the Cloud: 1) Big Data: access to libraries of images, maps, trajectories, and descriptive data; 2) Cloud Computing: access to parallel grid computing on demand for statistical analysis, learning, and motion planning; 3) Collective Robot Learning: robots sharing trajectories, control policies, and outcomes; and 4) Human Computation: use of crowdsourcing to tap human skills for analyzing images and video, classification, learning, and error recovery. The Cloud can also improve robots and automation systems by providing access to: a) datasets, publications, models, benchmarks, and simulation tools; b) open competitions for designs and systems; and c) open-source software. This survey includes over 150 references on results and open challenges. A website with new developments and updates is available at: http://goldberg.berkeley.edu/cloud-robotics/

/pdf/a-survey-of-research-on-cloud-robotics-and-automation-1tjsiehd9n.pdf

A Survey of Research on Cloud Robotics and Automation

New design flows require reducing work at the gate level and performing most activities before the synthesis step, including evaluation of testability of circuits. We propose a suite of RT-level benchmarks that help improve research in high-level ATPG tools. First results on the benchmarks obtained with our prototype tool show the feasibility of the approach.

RT-level ITC'99 benchmarks and first ATPG results

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02119705/document

Life-cycle economic analysis of distributed manufacturing with open-source 3-D printers

International migration has moved to the top of the international security agenda, due in part to concerns that migration flows provide conduits for the spread of international terrorism. Although such concerns are not entirely unfounded, they must be placed within the broader context of the range of impacts—both positive and negative—that international migration flows have on states' core national security interests. Migration flows affect at least three dimensions of national security: state capacity and autonomy, the balance of power, and the nature of violent conflict. Overall, migration management presents a far greater security challenge to weak and failing states than to advanced postindustrial states. States that are able to formulate and implement migration policies that harness the power of international migration will be more secure, rather than less secure, in the new globalized security environment.

Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security

This paper presents the ITC'02 SOC test benchmarks. The purpose of this new benchmark set is to stimulate research into new methods and tools for modular testing of SOCs and to enable the objective comparison of such methods and tools with respect to effectiveness and efficiency. The paper defines the benchmark format and naming scheme, and presents the benchmark SOCs. In addition, it provides an overview of the research problems that can be addressed and evaluated by means of this benchmark set. These research problems include the design of optimized test access infrastructures and test schedules.

A set of benchmarks for modular testing of SOCs

This column looks back at the days when we had direct, tactile control of our appliances and wonders what impact the loss of this control is having on our children's interest in engineering. Increased complexity in our work life also leads to our feeling this lack of direct control. Yet, perhaps it's a mistake to pine for those days of direct control. Maybe our children's ability to find and fix a problem by its symptoms will be essential for testing the products of the future.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/54/4237480/04237507.pdf

Losing control

The goal of this benchmarking effort is to test new DFT techniques on these real designs. Six panelists will present their preliminary results. Mario Konijnenburg of Philips will present full scan test generation results as a baseline, using the DAT test generation system. Raghuram Tupuri will present results from a hierarchical test generator, creating at-speed tests using functional knowledge without the need for scan. Professor J-E Santucci will describe a test generator for design verification tests, using techniques derived from software testing. Professor S . M. Reddy will describe results from two sequential test generators developed at the University of Iowa. Dr. Chouki Aktouf will describe techniques for the insertion of scan at the functional level. Professor Sujit Dey will describe the testabiiity of one of the benchmarks, and some functional BIST approaches.

ITC'99 Benchmark Circuits - Preliminary Results

Open-source software has made great strides. You can now buy a machine with an open-source operating system, browser, and office productivity package. Recent reports have recommended users switch to open-source browsers, away from less-secure commercial ones. The market for these products is growing rapidly.

Open-source hardware

Twenty Years Ago Today

A testbench for an integrated circuit (IC) design including a chain of scan circuits having a memory characteristic is verified by: (a) dividing the chain of scan circuits and creating a plurality of partitions, each partition including at least one logic cone output, each scan circuit belonging to one of the partition as a logic cone output; (b) generating a partitioned netlist for each partition from a full netlist for the IC design, the partitioned netlist including at least one logic cone, the logic cone extending from the logic cone output to at least one logic cone input; (c) generating a partitioned testbench for each partition from the full testbench based on the partitioned netlists; and (d) performing verification for the testbench by simulating the partitioned testbenches on the corresponding partitioned netlists.

Scott Davidson

Papers

Losing control

ITC'99 Benchmark Circuits - Preliminary Results

Open-source hardware

Twenty Years Ago Today

Reducing verification time for integrated circuit design including scan circuits