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Scott Orford

Bio: Scott Orford is an academic researcher from Cardiff University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Turnout & Population. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 54 publications receiving 1277 citations. Previous affiliations of Scott Orford include University of Bristol & Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research, Data and Methods.
Topics: Turnout, Population, Poverty, Poison control, Voting


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the housing pathways of young people in the UK in the years 1999 to 2008, and consider the changing nature of these pathways in the run up to 2020.
Abstract: The authors examine the housing pathways of young people in the UK in the years 1999 to 2008, and consider the changing nature of these pathways in the run up to 2020. They employ a highly innovative methodology, which begins with the identification and description of key drivers likely to affect young people's housing circumstances in the future. The empirical identification and analysis of housing pathways is then achieved using multiple-sequence analysis and cluster analysis of the British Household Panel Survey, contextualised by qualitative interviews with a large sample of young people. The authors describe how the interactions between the meanings, perceptions, and aspirations of young people, and the opportunities and constraints imposed by the drivers, are having a major impact on young people's housing pathways, resulting in considerable housing policy challenges, particularly in relation to the private rented sector.

148 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Scott Orford1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use multilevel modelling to move towards a more empirically and conceptually appealing specification of the standard hedonic house price model and use price data from Cardiff to investigate how a multi-level approach can explicitly incorporate the spatial structures of housing market dynamics and the ad hoc nature of the valuation process.
Abstract: There has been a long history of research into the development and estimation of hedonic house price models. There is, however, a discrepancy between the empirical and theoretical approaches to this research. A major issue lies in the integration of the conceptual and theoretical models of local housing markets with the context-insensitive nature of the standard hedonic model specification. This paper explores this inconsistency by using multilevel modelling to move towards a more empirically and conceptually appealing specification of the hedonic house price model. It uses price data from Cardiff to investigate how a multilevel approach can explicitly incorporate the spatial structures of housing market dynamics and the ad hoc nature of the valuation process. The paper concludes that successful empirical analysis depends upon a clear theoretical understanding of the processes under investigation.

141 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Dec 2000-BMJ
TL;DR: The fundamental relation between spatial patterns of social deprivation and spatial pattern of mortality is so robust that a century of change in inner London has failed to disrupt it.
Abstract: Objectives: To compare the extent to which late 20th century patterns of mortality in London are predicted by contemporary patterns of poverty and by late 19th century patterns of poverty. To test the hypothesis that the pattern of mortality from causes known to be related to deprivation in early life can be better predicted by the distribution of poverty in the late 19th century than by that in the late 20th century. Design: Data from Charles Booth9s survey of inner London in 1896 were digitised and matched to contemporary local government wards. Ward level indices of relative poverty were derived from Booth9s survey and the 1991 UK census of population. All deaths which took place within the surveyed area between 1991 and 1995 were identified and assigned to contemporary local government wards. Standardised mortality ratios for various causes of death were calculated for each ward for all ages, under age 65, and over age 65. Simple correlation and partial correlation analysis were used to estimate the contribution of the indices of poverty from 1896 and 1991 in predicting ward level mortality ratios in the early 1990s. Setting: Inner London. Results: For many causes of death in London, measures of deprivation made around 1896 and 1991 both contributed strongly to predicting the current spatial distribution. Contemporary mortality from diseases which are known to be related to deprivation in early life (stomach cancer, stroke, lung cancer) is predicted more strongly by the distribution of poverty in 1896 than that in 1991. In addition, all cause mortality among people aged over 65 was slightly more strongly related to the geography of poverty in the late 19th century than to its contemporary distribution. Conclusions: Contemporary patterns of some diseases have their roots in the past. The fundamental relation between spatial patterns of social deprivation and spatial patterns of mortality is so robust that a century of change in inner London has failed to disrupt it.

111 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Scott Orford1
TL;DR: In this paper, a more realistic valuation of locational externalities is proposed by examining the effects of location upon house prices from a geographical as opposed to a purely economic perspective. But this valuation is based on the traditional measurements of location used in these studies.
Abstract: Hedonic house price modelling has been used extensively in the valuation of locational externalities. However, the theory of how locational externalities impact upon house prices is not reflected in the traditional measurements of location used in these studies. The result is that many hedonic house price models suffer from parameter estimates that are either insignificant or counter- intuitive. In this paper I attempt to move towards a more realistic valuation of locational externalities by examining the effects of location upon house prices from a geographical as opposed to a purely economic perspective. A multilevel conceptualisation is presented, which takes into account the spatial effects of locational externalities upon house prices. A location-sensitive GIS of Cardiff and a multilevel specification of the hedonic model is then used to model these effects. I conclude that a more realistic treatment of location is required if locational externalities are to be valued successfully.

106 citations

Book
28 Aug 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a hedonic house price function and a valuation of locational externalities in a context-sensitive urban GIS model of an urban housing market.
Abstract: Contents: Introduction The hedonic house price function Housing attributes and Spatial data Constructing a context-sensitive urban GIS The Spatial dynamics of an urban housing market Towards a valuation of locational externalities Conclusion Bibliography Index.

101 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1981
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers, a method for assessing Collinearity, and its applications in medicine and science.
Abstract: 1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

4,948 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The review shows that first-order impacts on road capacity, fuel efficiency, emissions, and accidents risk are expected to be beneficial and the balance between the short-term benefits and long-term impacts of vehicle automation remains an open question.

607 citations