Scott Reed

Bio: Scott Reed is an academic researcher from Google. The author has contributed to research in topics: Artificial neural network & Reinforcement learning. The author has an hindex of 33, co-authored 56 publications receiving 63000 citations. Previous affiliations of Scott Reed include University of Michigan.

Auto-regressive neural network systems with a soft attention mechanism using support data patches

Abstract: A system comprising a causal convolutional neural network to autoregressively generate a succession of values of a data item conditioned upon previously generated values of the data item. The system includes support memory for a set of support data patches each of which comprises an encoding of an example data item. A soft attention mechanism attends to one or more patches when generating the current item value. The soft attention mechanism determines a set of scores for the support data patches, for example in the form of a soft attention query vector dependent upon the previously generated values of the data item. The soft attention query vector is used to query the memory. When generating the value of the data item at a current iteration layers of the causal convolutional neural network are conditioned upon the support data patches weighted by the scores.

Multiscale image generation

Abstract: A method of generating an output image having an output resolution of N pixels x N pixels, each pixel in the output image having a respective color value for each of a plurality of color channels, the method comprising: obtaining a low-resolution version of the output image; and upscaling the low-resolution version of the output image to generate the output image having the output resolution by repeatedly performing the following operations: obtaining a current version of the output image having a current K x K resolution; and processing the current version of the output image using a set of convolutional neural networks that are specific to the current resolution to generate an updated version of the output image having a 2K x 2K resolution.

멀티스케일 이미지 생성

Abstract: 본원은, N 픽셀들 × N 픽셀들의 출력 해상도를 갖는 출력 이미지를 생성하는 방법을 개시하며, 출력 이미지의 각 픽셀은 복수의 컬러 채널들 각각에 대한 각각의 컬러 값을 가지며, 상기 방법은, 상기 출력 이미지의 저해상도 버전을 획득하는 단계; 그리고 현재 K × K 해상도를 갖는 출력 이미지의 현재 버전을 획득하는 단계; 동작들을 반복 수행함으로써 출력 해상도를 갖는 출력 이미지를 생성하도록 상기 출력 이미지의 저해상도 버전을 업스케일링하는 단계를 포함하며, 상기 동작들은, 현재 K × K 해상도를 갖는 상기 출력 이미지의 현재 버전을 획득하는 동작; 그리고 2K x 2K 해상도를 갖는 출력 이미지의 업데이트된 버전을 생성하도록 상기 현재 해상도에 특정한 컨벌루션 신경망들의 세트를 사용하여 상기 출력 이미지의 상기 현재 버전을 프로세싱하는 동작을 포함한다.

RoboCat: A Self-Improving Foundation Agent for Robotic Manipulation

Abstract: The ability to leverage heterogeneous robotic experience from different robots and tasks to quickly master novel skills and embodiments has the potential to transform robot learning. Inspired by recent advances in foundation models for vision and language, we propose a foundation agent for robotic manipulation. This agent, named RoboCat, is a visual goal-conditioned decision transformer capable of consuming multi-embodiment action-labelled visual experience. This data spans a large repertoire of motor control skills from simulated and real robotic arms with varying sets of observations and actions. With RoboCat, we demonstrate the ability to generalise to new tasks and robots, both zero-shot as well as through adaptation using only 100--1000 examples for the target task. We also show how a trained model itself can be used to generate data for subsequent training iterations, thus providing a basic building block for an autonomous improvement loop. We investigate the agent's capabilities, with large-scale evaluations both in simulation and on three different real robot embodiments. We find that as we grow and diversify its training data, RoboCat not only shows signs of cross-task transfer, but also becomes more efficient at adapting to new tasks.

Training a neural network to control an agent using task-relevant adversarial imitation learning

Abstract: A method is proposed of training a neural network to generate action data for controlling an agent to perform a task in an environment. The method includes obtaining, for each of a plurality of performances of the task, one or more first tuple datasets, each first tuple dataset comprising state data characterizing a state of the environment at a corresponding time during the performance of the task; and a concurrent process of training the neural network and a discriminator network. The training process comprises a plurality of neural network update steps and a plurality of discriminator network update steps. Each neural network update step comprises: receiving state data characterizing a current state of the environment; using the neural network and the state data to generate action data indicative of an action to be performed by the agent; forming a second tuple dataset comprising the state data; using the second tuple dataset to generate a reward value, wherein the reward value comprises an imitation value generated by the discriminator network based on the second tuple dataset; and updating one or more parameters of the neural network based on the reward value. Each discriminator network update step comprises updating the discriminator network based on a plurality of the first tuple datasets and a plurality of the second tuple datasets, the update being to increase respective imitation values which the discriminator network generates upon receiving any of the plurality of the first tuple datasets compared to respective imitation values which the discriminator network generates upon receiving any of the plurality of the second tuple datasets. The updating process is performed subject to a constraint that the updated discriminator network, upon receiving any of at least a certain proportion of a first subset of the first tuple datasets and/or any of at least a certain proportion of a second subset of the second tuple datasets, does not generate imitation values which correctly indicate that those tuple datasets are first or second tuple datasets.

Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition

Abstract: Deeper neural networks are more difficult to train. We present a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously. We explicitly reformulate the layers as learning residual functions with reference to the layer inputs, instead of learning unreferenced functions. We provide comprehensive empirical evidence showing that these residual networks are easier to optimize, and can gain accuracy from considerably increased depth. On the ImageNet dataset we evaluate residual nets with a depth of up to 152 layers—8× deeper than VGG nets [40] but still having lower complexity. An ensemble of these residual nets achieves 3.57% error on the ImageNet test set. This result won the 1st place on the ILSVRC 2015 classification task. We also present analysis on CIFAR-10 with 100 and 1000 layers. The depth of representations is of central importance for many visual recognition tasks. Solely due to our extremely deep representations, we obtain a 28% relative improvement on the COCO object detection dataset. Deep residual nets are foundations of our submissions to ILSVRC & COCO 2015 competitions1, where we also won the 1st places on the tasks of ImageNet detection, ImageNet localization, COCO detection, and COCO segmentation.

Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition

Abstract: In this work we investigate the effect of the convolutional network depth on its accuracy in the large-scale image recognition setting. Our main contribution is a thorough evaluation of networks of increasing depth using an architecture with very small (3x3) convolution filters, which shows that a significant improvement on the prior-art configurations can be achieved by pushing the depth to 16-19 weight layers. These findings were the basis of our ImageNet Challenge 2014 submission, where our team secured the first and the second places in the localisation and classification tracks respectively. We also show that our representations generalise well to other datasets, where they achieve state-of-the-art results. We have made our two best-performing ConvNet models publicly available to facilitate further research on the use of deep visual representations in computer vision.

Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition

Abstract: In this work we investigate the effect of the convolutional network depth on its accuracy in the large-scale image recognition setting. Our main contribution is a thorough evaluation of networks of increasing depth using an architecture with very small (3x3) convolution filters, which shows that a significant improvement on the prior-art configurations can be achieved by pushing the depth to 16-19 weight layers. These findings were the basis of our ImageNet Challenge 2014 submission, where our team secured the first and the second places in the localisation and classification tracks respectively. We also show that our representations generalise well to other datasets, where they achieve state-of-the-art results. We have made our two best-performing ConvNet models publicly available to facilitate further research on the use of deep visual representations in computer vision.

Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition

Abstract: Deeper neural networks are more difficult to train. We present a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously. We explicitly reformulate the layers as learning residual functions with reference to the layer inputs, instead of learning unreferenced functions. We provide comprehensive empirical evidence showing that these residual networks are easier to optimize, and can gain accuracy from considerably increased depth. On the ImageNet dataset we evaluate residual nets with a depth of up to 152 layers---8x deeper than VGG nets but still having lower complexity. An ensemble of these residual nets achieves 3.57% error on the ImageNet test set. This result won the 1st place on the ILSVRC 2015 classification task. We also present analysis on CIFAR-10 with 100 and 1000 layers. The depth of representations is of central importance for many visual recognition tasks. Solely due to our extremely deep representations, we obtain a 28% relative improvement on the COCO object detection dataset. Deep residual nets are foundations of our submissions to ILSVRC & COCO 2015 competitions, where we also won the 1st places on the tasks of ImageNet detection, ImageNet localization, COCO detection, and COCO segmentation.

Deep Learning

Abstract: Deep learning is a form of machine learning that enables computers to learn from experience and understand the world in terms of a hierarchy of concepts. Because the computer gathers knowledge from experience, there is no need for a human computer operator to formally specify all the knowledge that the computer needs. The hierarchy of concepts allows the computer to learn complicated concepts by building them out of simpler ones; a graph of these hierarchies would be many layers deep. This book introduces a broad range of topics in deep learning. The text offers mathematical and conceptual background, covering relevant concepts in linear algebra, probability theory and information theory, numerical computation, and machine learning. It describes deep learning techniques used by practitioners in industry, including deep feedforward networks, regularization, optimization algorithms, convolutional networks, sequence modeling, and practical methodology; and it surveys such applications as natural language processing, speech recognition, computer vision, online recommendation systems, bioinformatics, and videogames. Finally, the book offers research perspectives, covering such theoretical topics as linear factor models, autoencoders, representation learning, structured probabilistic models, Monte Carlo methods, the partition function, approximate inference, and deep generative models. Deep Learning can be used by undergraduate or graduate students planning careers in either industry or research, and by software engineers who want to begin using deep learning in their products or platforms. A website offers supplementary material for both readers and instructors.