While the study of psychology has offered little in the way of explaining the creative process, Koestler examines the idea that we are at our most creative when rational thought is suspended--for example, in dreams and trancelike states. All who read The Act of Creation will find it a compelling and illuminating book.

The Act of Creation

We report the results of a British Library Research and Development Department‐funded design study for an interactive information retrieval system which will determine structural representations of the anomalous states of knowledge (ASKs) underlying information needs, and attempt to resolve the anomalies through a variety of retrieval strategies performed on a database of documents represented in compatible structural formats. Part I discusses the background to the project and the theory underlying it, Part II (next issue) presents our methods, results and conclusions. Basic premises of the project were: that information needs are not in principle precisely specifiable; that it is possible to elicit problem statements from information system users from which representations of the ASK underlying the need can be derived; that there are classes of ASKs; and, that all elements of information retrieval systems ought to be based on the user's ASK. We have developed a relatively freeform interview technique for eliciting problem statements, and a statistical word co‐occurrence analysis for deriving network representations of the problem statements and abstracts. Structural characteristics of the representations have been used to determine classes of ASKs, and both ASK and information structures have been evaluated by, respectively, users and authors. Some results are: that interviewing appears to be a satisfactory technique for eliciting problem statements from which ASKs can be determined; that the statistical analysis produces structures which are generally appropriate both for documents and problem statements; that ASKs thus represented can be usefully classified according to their structural characteristics; and, that of thirty‐five subjects, only two had ASKs for which traditional ‘best match’ retrieval would be intuitively appropriate. The results of the design study indicate that at least some of our premises are reasonable, and that an ASK‐based information retrieval system is at least feasible.

/pdf/ask-for-information-retrieval-part-i-background-and-theory-3ep6fbllp2.pdf

Ask for information retrieval: part I.: background and theory

This paper surveys knowledge management (KM) development using a literature review and classification of articles from 1995 to 2002 with keyword index in order to explore how KM technologies and applications have developed in this period. Based on the scope of 234 articles of knowledge management applications, this paper surveys and classifies KM technologies using the seven categories as: KM framework, knowledge-based systems, data mining, information and communication technology, artificial intelligence/expert systems, database technology, and modeling, together with their applications for different research and problem domains. Some discussion is presented, indicating future development for knowledge management technologies and applications as the followings: (1) KM technologies tend to develop towards expert orientation, and KM applications development is a problem-oriented domain. (2) Different social studies methodologies, such as statistical method, are suggested to implement in KM as another kind of technology. (3) Integration of qualitative and quantitative methods, and integration of KM technologies studies may broaden our horizon on this subject. (4) The ability to continually change and obtain new understanding is the power of KM technologies and will be the application of future works.

https://blog.ub.ac.id/izuaf/files/2013/11/KM-Technologies-and-Applications-Expert-Systems-with-Applications-25-2003-17-07-2007.pdf

Knowledge management technologies and applications—literature review from 1995 to 2002

In this article, we define webometrics within the framework of informetric studies and bibliometrics, as belonging to library and information science, and as associated with cybermetrics as a generic subfield. We develop a consistent and detailed link typology and terminology and make explicit the distinction among different Web node levels when using the proposed conceptual framework. As a consequence, we propose a novel diagram notation to fully appreciate and investigate link structures between Web nodes in webometric analyses. We warn against taking the analogy between citation analyses and link analyses too far.

Toward a basic framework for webometrics

Knowledge Discovery in Databases.

This book is concerned with modelling of information in various ways, and the development and use of models in information systems of different kinds. Interesting applications of modelling can also be found in fields other than in information systems, eg. in conceptual modelling of narrative texts. The topics of the articles cover a wide variety of themes in the domain of information modelling, design and specification of information systems and knowledge bases, ranging from foundations and theories to systems construction and application studies. The contributions in this volume represent the following major themes: models in intelligent activity; concept modelling and conceptual modelling; conceptual modelling and information requirements specification; collections of concepts, knowledge base design and data base design; human-computer interaction and modelling; software engineering and modelling; and applications.

Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases

The paper proposes a way of mining peculiarity rules from multiply statistical and transaction databases. We introduce the peculiarity rules as a new type of association rules, which can be discovered from a relatively small number of the peculiar data by searching the relevance among the peculiar data. We argue that the peculiarity rules represent a typically unexpected, interesting regularity hidden in statistical and transaction databases. We describe how to mine the peculiarity rules in the multi-database environment and how to use the RVER (Reverse Variant Entity-Relationship) model to represent the result of multi-database mining. Our approach is based on the database reverse engineering methodology and granular computing techniques.

/pdf/peculiarity-oriented-multi-database-mining-40tf28mdae.pdf

Peculiarity Oriented Multi-database Mining

This paper is about a new research field called Web Intelligence (WI for short) We try to explain the needs for coining the term as a sub-discipline of computer science for systematic studies on advanced Web related theories and technologies, as well as the design and implementation of Intelligent Web Information Systems (IWIS) Background information and related topics are discussed in an attempt to demonstrate why we consider WI to be a subject worthy of study and, at the same time, to establish a starting point for the further development of WI

Web Intelligence (WI) Research Challenges and Trends in the New Information Age

This paper is about a new research field called Web Intelligence (WI for short). We try to explain the needs for coining the term as a sub-discipline of computer science for systematic studies on advanced Web related theories and technologies, as well as the design and implementation of Intelligent Web Information Systems (IWIS). Background information and related topics are discussed in an attempt to demonstrate why we consider WI to be a subject worthy of study and, at the same time, to establish a starting point for the further development of WI.

Web Intelligence: Research and Development

The 21st century is the age of the Internet and the World Wide Web. The Web revolutionizes the way we gather, process, and use information. At the same time, it also redefines the meanings and processes of business, commerce, marketing, finance, publishing, education, research, development, as well as other aspects of our daily life. The revolution is just beginning. Although individual Web based information systems are constantly being deployed, advanced issues and techniques for developing and for benefiting from Web intelligence still remain to be systematically studied. The article defines a new research field, namely Web Intelligence (WI) by giving a complete picture of WI related topics for systematic study on advanced Web technology and developing Web based intelligent information systems. Roughly speaking, WI exploits AI and advanced information technology on the Web and Internet. It is the key and the most urgent research field of IT for business intelligence.

Setsuo Ohsuga

Papers

Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases

Peculiarity Oriented Multi-database Mining

Web Intelligence (WI) Research Challenges and Trends in the New Information Age

Web Intelligence: Research and Development

Web Intelligence (WI)