As heterogeneous networks (HetNets) emerge as one of the most promising developments toward realizing the target specifications of Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) networks, radio resource management (RRM) research for such networks has, in recent times, been intensively pursued Clearly, recent research mainly concentrates on the aspect of interference mitigation Other RRM aspects, such as radio resource utilization, fairness, complexity, and QoS, have not been given much attention In this paper, we aim to provide an overview of the key challenges arising from HetNets and highlight their importance Subsequently, we present a comprehensive survey of the RRM schemes that have been studied in recent years for LTE/LTE-A HetNets, with a particular focus on those for femtocells and relay nodes Furthermore, we classify these RRM schemes according to their underlying approaches In addition, these RRM schemes are qualitatively analyzed and compared to each other We also identify a number of potential research directions for future RRM development Finally, we discuss the lack of current RRM research and the importance of multi-objective RRM studies

Recent Advances in Radio Resource Management for Heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A Networks

This paper provides an overview of the use of small cells (e.g., femtocells) in the Internet of Things (IoT) environments. As a result of rapid increase in the number of mobile connected devices such as smart-phones and tablets, the demand for data traffic is exponentially increasing. In order to satisfy mobile users’ requests and meet the requirements of high data traffic, mobile operators have to increase the network capacities dramatically. One of the promising solutions for the network operators to improve coverage and capacity, and provide high data rate services in a less costly manner is the deployment of femtocells related technologies. Femtocells will help mobile operators to provide a basis for the next generation of services which are a combination of voice, video, and data services to mobile users. Moreover, proper traffic modelling and deployment strategies of femtocells will improve the overall performance of the femtocell network. Therefore, in this survey paper, we overview modelling traffic and deployment strategies in femtocells and provide a review for the use of femtocells and their applications in the IoT environments. In addition, we present open research issues associated with IoT-femtocell based applications.

Small Cells in the Forthcoming 5G/IoT: Traffic Modelling and Deployment Overview

A survey on emerging broadband wireless access technologies

A method, program, system and apparatus perform dynamic load balancing of coverage areas in a wireless communication network. The dynamic load balancing is performed by evaluating cell congestion based on location information of subscribers in the wireless communication network, collecting network parameters related to the wireless communication network and altering network parameters based on the evaluated cell congestion. After the network parameter is altered, the coverage areas are narrowed. Improvements in cell congestion and quality of server are then determined based on the narrowing of the coverage areas. Altering of the plurality of network parameters and evaluating of the cell congestion are performed continuously until a target quality of service is achieved.

Dynamic load balancing

The Multicast/Broadcast Service (MBS) feature of mobile WiMAX network is a promising technology for providing wireless multimedia, because it allows the delivery of multimedia content to large-scale user communities in a cost-efficient manner. In this paper, we consider WiMAX networks that transmit multiple video streams encoded in scalable manner to mobile receivers using the MBS feature. We focus on two research problems in such networks: 1) maximizing the video quality and 2) minimizing energy consumption for mobile receivers. We formulate and solve the substream selection problem to maximize the video quality, which arises when multiple scalable video streams are broadcast to mobile receivers with limited resources. We show that this problem is NP-Complete, and design a polynomial time approximation algorithm to solve it. We prove that the solutions computed by our algorithm are always within a small constant factor from the optimal solutions. In addition, we extend our algorithm to reduce the energy consumption of mobile receivers. This is done by transmitting the selected substreams in bursts, which allows mobile receivers to turn off their wireless interfaces to save energy. We show how our algorithm constructs burst transmission schedules that reduce energy consumption without sacrificing the video quality. Using extensive simulation and mathematical analysis, we show that the proposed algorithm: 1) is efficient in terms of execution time, 2) achieves high radio resource utilization, 3) maximizes the received video quality, and 4) minimizes the energy consumption for mobile receivers.

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Energy-Efficient Multicasting of Scalable Video Streams Over WiMAX Networks

The paper investigates the queueing behavior of the sleep mode operation in IEEE 802.16e for conserving the power of an mobile station (MS) in terms of the dropping probability and the mean waiting times of packets in the base station (BS) queue. In the sleep mode, when an MS wakes up at the end of each sleep interval and there is traffic addressed to it, this is notified in the listening interval immediately following the sleep interval. Otherwise, an MS again enters the sleep mode with a sleep interval which is double the length of the previous one. We modeled this sleep mode operation as M/GI/1/N with multiple vacations whose periods depend on the previous one. Our work may be a rough guide to understanding the BS queueing behavior according to parameters such as the minimum and maximum sleep interval, the BS queue size and the arrival rate of packets at a BS.

Performance analysis of sleep mode operation in IEEE 802.16e

The wireless broadband (wibro) system for broadband wireless internet services

Rapid growth of mobile traffic can be load of mobile operator's core network. Local breakout is a offloading solution of access network to save core network load and to reduce end-to-end latency. This paper proposes local breakout system in base station with Mobile Edge Computing(MEC) infrastructure. We present the service framework and interfaces for MEC server and also present architecture based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV). By running on the commercial LTE based test-bed, we can show that the system works properly and gives us about 58 percent local breakout ratio.

Local breakout of mobile access network traffic by mobile edge computing

A Transport Network Layer (TNL) connection setup method for a base station includes monitoring Physical Cell Identity (PCI) values of neighboring cells. When it is monitored that the PCI values are changed, IP addresses of neighboring base stations corresponding to the changed PCI values are acquired. Thereafter, it is determined whether it is necessary to perform a new TNL connection setup with respect to other neighboring base stations, based on the changed PCI values and the acquired IP addresses. When it is determined that it is necessary to perform the new TNL connection setup, the TNL connection setup is performed with the acquired IP addresses.

Tnl connection setup method and apparatus for base station using downlink receiver

This paper deals with a call admission control method for hybrid mode femtocell base stations. Femtocell base station is a small scale base station which is used for home, office and apartment. On the hybrid access mode, the femtocell base station allows cell entrance for both member subscribers and non-member subscribers. Originally, the base station was owned by member subscribers, it is required a discrimination for service between members and non-members. In this paper, we propose a model of call admission control which has different admit policies for CSG(Closed Subscriber Group) members. We present analytic model for the proposed model to verify its work. The analytic results show that the system applies different call admission policies for CSG members with high priority and adapts to the situation of increasing incoming call rate of CSG members.

Seung-Que Lee

Papers

Performance analysis of sleep mode operation in IEEE 802.16e

The wireless broadband (wibro) system for broadband wireless internet services

Local breakout of mobile access network traffic by mobile edge computing

Tnl connection setup method and apparatus for base station using downlink receiver

Call admission control for hybrid access mode femtocell system