Chitosan based edible films and coatings: A review

Development and evaluation of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and cinnamon essential oil with low affinity toward water

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia through Project AGL2010-20694, from Universidad Politecnica de Valencia through Project PAID-06-11-2013 and from Conselleria de Empresa, Universidad y Ciencia (Project GV/2013/152).

Essential oils as additives in biodegradable films and coatings for active food packaging

Over the last years, considerable research has been conducted to develop and apply edible films and coatings made from a variety of agricultural commodities and/or wastes of food product industrialization. Such biopolymers include polysaccharides, proteins, and their blends. These materials present the possibility of being carriers of different additives, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, nutraceuticals, and flavorings agents. In particular, the use of edibles films and coatings containing antimicrobials has demonstrated to be a useful tool as a stress factor to protect foodstuff against spoilage flora and to decrease the risk of pathogen growth. The more commonly antimicrobials used are organic acids, chitosan, nisin, the lactoperoxidase system, and some plant extracts and their essential oils. For the selection of an antimicrobial, it must be considered the effectiveness against the target microorganism and also the possible interactions among the antimicrobial, the film-forming biopolymer, and other food components present. These interactions can modify the antimicrobial activity and the characteristics of the film being these key factors for the development of antimicrobial films and coatings. The main objective of this article is to review the bibliography of the last years concerning the main hydrocolloids and antimicrobials used for developing edible films and coatings, the methods used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, the applications and the legislation concerning edible films and coatings. Also, the different strategies related to the modification of structural characteristics and the future trends in the development are discussed. The information update will help to improve the design, development, and application of edible films and coatings tending to increase the safety and quality of food products and to prepare for food legislation changes that might be necessary while identifying future trends concerning a better functionality of edible films thought as a stress factor for lengthening shelf life of food products.

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Development of Edible Films and Coatings with Antimicrobial Activity

Evaluation of different factors affecting antimicrobial properties of chitosan.

Effect of chitosan coatings enriched with cinnamon oil on the quality of refrigerated rainbow trout

Characterization of antioxidant-antimicrobial κ-carrageenan films containing Satureja hortensis essential oil.

Bilayer gelatin/agar films containing different concentrations of TiO2 (0.5, 1, and 2 g/100 g) were prepared by incorporation of anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the fish gelatin layer of the bilayers. Gelatin/agar bilayer film was produced from the monolayers using the casting method in two steps and their microstructural, physical, mechanical and optical characteristics were studied. Results showed that the addition of TiO2 decreased water vapor permeability of the bilayers more than 30%, upon increasing TiO2 content to 2 (g/100 g). However, swelling ratio and moisture content increased with the increase in the nano-TiO2 content, probably due to the hydrophilic nature of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The tensile strength of the bilayer films increased from 10.80 to 13.91 MPa upon increasing nano-TiO2 content from 0 to 0.5 (g/100 g); however, tensile strength decreased with further increase of the nanoparticle concentration. In addition, the metallic nature of nano-TiO2 considerably improved the barrier properties of the bilayer films against UV light at low concentration, while it increased their opacity. This property might help in the preservation of light-sensitive foods, but more studies on real food systems are required.

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Seyed Mahdi Ojagh

Papers

Effect of chitosan coatings enriched with cinnamon oil on the quality of refrigerated rainbow trout

Development and evaluation of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and cinnamon essential oil with low affinity toward water

Characterization of antioxidant-antimicrobial κ-carrageenan films containing Satureja hortensis essential oil.

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the physico-mechanical and ultraviolet light barrier properties of fish gelatin/agar bilayer film

Development and evaluation of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and cinnamon essential oil with low affinity toward water