Background Continuous transformation and development of new detection tools for bacteria has converted the laborious scientific work into smart apparatus in recent years. The journey had begun with the culture-based plate enumeration, and now it has evolved into several culture-independent techniques. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is on the top of the list that is now a routinely used biological approach to detect bacterial cells. Instrumental techniques are also helpful in this regard, as they are more sensitive for detection of various microbes. Scope and approach In this review, we described new trends and their practical application in the fields of detection microbiology and food technology. This study provides a brief overview of conventional and modern detection techniques which includes nucleic-acid sequence based techniques to non-destructive imaging techniques. Key findings and conclusions Besides the availability of antibiotics and clinical treatments, bacterial infections significantly increase the mortality rate. It is necessary to detect apparent infectious agents beforehand. Therefore, the detection methods for microorganisms should be more rapid, smart and reliable in response to the need. Conventional detection techniques are slow and time-consuming but more accurate and reliable than the modern detection techniques. By combing the mentioned techniques, scientists can achieve better results.

Conventional and emerging detection techniques for pathogenic bacteria in food science: A review

From two-dimensional materials to heterostructures

Terahertz band communication systems: Challenges, novelties and standardization efforts

Facile synthesis of ZnO/GO nanoflowers over Si substrate for improved photocatalytic decolorization of MB dye and industrial wastewater under solar irradiation

Hydrogen gas sensing methods, materials, and approach to achieve parts per billion level detection: A review

ZnO nanobundles were grown via a nano-templating technique over a porous silica bed using an aqueous chemical route. The growth of nanobundles initiated from ZnO nano-seeds positioned at various levels over a nanoporous matrix of self-assembled polymethylsilsesquioxane nanoparticles. Bundles of different features like nanowires, nanorods and nanotubes with a high surface roughness were grown over these templates by a day-long incubation in an aqueous solution of hexamethylene tetra-amine and zinc nitrate. We envisage these ZnO nanostructures for sensitive hydrogen detection. Photoluminescence spectra indicate the nanotubes to be most sensitive towards H2. We observe high reconditionability, moderate sensitivity and a temperature dependent charge carrier reversal phenomenon.

Hydrogen sensing based on nanoporous silica-embedded ultra dense ZnO nanobundles

The extremely low limit of detection (LOD) posed by global food and water safety standards necessitates the need to perform a rapid process of integrated detection with high specificity, sensitivity and repeatability. The work reported in this article shows a microchip platform which carries out an ensemble of protocols which are otherwise carried in a molecular biology laboratory to achieve the global safety standards. The various steps in the microchip include pre-concentration of specific microorganisms from samples and a highly specific real time molecular identification utilizing a q-PCR process. The microchip process utilizes a high sensitivity antibody based recognition and an electric field mediated capture enabling an overall low LOD. The whole process of counting, sorting and molecular identification is performed in less than 4 hours for highly dilute samples.

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Integrated sorting, concentration and real time PCR based detection system for sensitive detection of microorganisms

Self-Destructing Secured Microchips by On-Chip Triggered Energetic and Corrosive Attacks for Transient Electronics

ZnO nano structure arrays on silicon substrate using chemical treatment have been developed. The morphology of nanostructures formulated thereafter was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy (EDAX). These structures are envisioned for Hydrogen sensing. High reconditionability with moderate sensitivity has been achieved with the developed nanostructures.

High aspect ZnO nanostructures based hydrogen sensing

Passive vibration control using blocks of viscoelastic materials with macro- and microscopic inclusions has been widely investigated. Significant changes in the vibration response have been observed with such inclusions. We have found that their response changes much more significantly if thin microstructures and channels are carved within these materials and are filled with a high-viscosity fluid. In this paper, we report the passive response of a replicated array of oil-filled microchannels, structured within a block made up of polydimethylsiloxane. Constrained and unconstrained vibration-damping experiments are performed on this block, wherein its vibration suppression ability is detected by applying an excitation signal transversely at the geometric center of the lower face of the block. We observe an increase in the fundamental frequency due to change in stiffness of the block and an increase in damping ratio and loss factor owing to the development of a slip boundary condition between the oil and the microchannel walls causing frictional dissipation of the coupled energy. All vibration experiments have been performed using a single-point laser to ascertain the experimental behavior of the system. We have also modeled the vibration suppression characteristics of such systems both analytically and by using simulation tools.

/pdf/passive-vibration-damping-using-polymer-pads-with-5a4tx1gxc6.pdf

Shashank S. Pandey

Papers

Hydrogen sensing based on nanoporous silica-embedded ultra dense ZnO nanobundles

Integrated sorting, concentration and real time PCR based detection system for sensitive detection of microorganisms

Self-Destructing Secured Microchips by On-Chip Triggered Energetic and Corrosive Attacks for Transient Electronics

High aspect ZnO nanostructures based hydrogen sensing

Passive Vibration Damping Using Polymer Pads With Microchannel Arrays