Author
Sheldon Schultz
Other affiliations: University of California, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Bio: Sheldon Schultz is an academic researcher from University of California, San Diego. The author has contributed to research in topics: Magnetization & Plasmon. The author has an hindex of 43, co-authored 135 publications receiving 26175 citations. Previous affiliations of Sheldon Schultz include University of California & École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.
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Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the EPR, microwave absorption, and dc magnetization measurements were made on single crystals of the form R 2 CuO 4, which are the host compounds for the newly discovered series of electron cuprate superconductors.
11 citations
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of magnetic viscosity on the angular dependence of a coercive field, H/sub c/, was measured as a function of the angle of the applied field for IBM 3480 CrO/sub 2/ tape, JVC Super-VHS Co- gamma Fe/Sub 2/O/Sub 3/ tape and a 0.3 mu m Co-Cr film with perpendicular anisotropy, at 4.2 K, 77 K and 300 K.
Abstract: In order to demonstrate the effect of magnetic viscosity on the angular dependence of a coercive field, H/sub c/, the authors measured H/sub c/ as a function of the angle of the applied field for IBM 3480 CrO/sub 2/ tape, JVC Super-VHS Co- gamma Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ tape, and a 0.3 mu m Co-Cr film with perpendicular anisotropy, at 4.2 K, 77 K, and 300 K. The data are compared to the numerical simulation of a modified Stoner-Wohlfarth model which includes thermally activated reversals of the magnetic moments of an ideal assembly of particles. The model suggests that, as temperature increases, H/sub c/ is reduced by a larger factor when the angle between the applied field and the alignment direction is small. Experimental evidence for this behavior is found in the CrO/sub 2/ and Co-Cr samples. It is concluded that, for some common magnetic recording media magnetic viscosity effects must be evaluated before one can infer a magnetization reversal mechanism from H/sub c/ vs. angle data. >
10 citations
TL;DR: The measured effective g value is shifted from the free-ion value g=1.992, indicating the existence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions with the ions of the host.
Abstract: We have measured the electron-spin-resonance spectrum of Gd3+ ions substituting for Eu ions in Eu2CuO4. The fine structure of the spectrum was partially resolved at room temperature and the individual transitions were completely separated below 100 K. The spectrum is described with a crystal-field effective Hamiltonian of tetragonal symmetry. The values obtained at low temperatures for the corresponding parameters are b20=-486(7)×10-4 cm-1, b40=-32(2)×10-4 cm-1, and |b44|=790(50)×10-4 cm-1. These parameters are only weakly temperature dependent. The measured effective g value is shifted from the free-ion value g=1.992, indicating the existence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions with the ions of the host. © 1988 The American Physical Society.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the conduction-electron spin-scattering cross sections of krypton and xenon atoms adsorbed on a lithium surface were determined by measurement of the spin-resonance linewidth of lithium films as a function of rare gas coverage.
Abstract: The conduction-electron spin-scattering cross sections of krypton and xenon atoms adsorbed on a lithium surface were determined by measurement of the conduction-electron spin-resonance linewidth of lithium films as a function of rare-gas coverage. The results indicate that there is a large pileup of conduction-electron density deep within the rare-gas adsorbate core, in agreement with current theoretical calculations of the electronic structure of rare-gas-on-metal systems.
10 citations
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TL;DR: By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons—in particular their interaction with light—can be tailored, which could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved.
Abstract: Surface plasmons are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor. By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons--in particular their interaction with light--can be tailored, which offers the potential for developing new types of photonic device. This could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved. Surface plasmons are being explored for their potential in subwavelength optics, data storage, light generation, microscopy and bio-photonics.
10,689 citations
TL;DR: Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems as discussed by the authors, where the primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport.
Abstract: Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established results. The primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport in semiconductors and metals. Spin transport differs from charge transport in that spin is a nonconserved quantity in solids due to spin-orbit and hyperfine coupling. The authors discuss in detail spin decoherence mechanisms in metals and semiconductors. Various theories of spin injection and spin-polarized transport are applied to hybrid structures relevant to spin-based devices and fundamental studies of materials properties. Experimental work is reviewed with the emphasis on projected applications, in which external electric and magnetic fields and illumination by light will be used to control spin and charge dynamics to create new functionalities not feasible or ineffective with conventional electronics.
9,158 citations
TL;DR: These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root ofɛ·μ for the frequencies where both the permittivity and the permeability are negative.
Abstract: We present experimental scattering data at microwave frequencies on a structured metamaterial that exhibits a frequency band where the effective index of refraction (n) is negative. The material consists of a two-dimensional array of repeated unit cells of copper strips and split ring resonators on interlocking strips of standard circuit board material. By measuring the scattering angle of the transmitted beam through a prism fabricated from this material, we determine the effective n, appropriate to Snell's law. These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root of epsilon.mu for the frequencies where both the permittivity (epsilon) and the permeability (mu) are negative. Configurations of geometrical optical designs are now possible that could not be realized by positive index materials.
8,477 citations
TL;DR: Recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics are surveyed and an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles is offered.
Abstract: The emerging field of plasmonics has yielded methods for guiding and localizing light at the nanoscale, well below the scale of the wavelength of light in free space. Now plasmonics researchers are turning their attention to photovoltaics, where design approaches based on plasmonics can be used to improve absorption in photovoltaic devices, permitting a considerable reduction in the physical thickness of solar photovoltaic absorber layers, and yielding new options for solar-cell design. In this review, we survey recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics and offer an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles.
8,028 citations
TL;DR: This work shows how electromagnetic fields can be redirected at will and proposes a design strategy that has relevance to exotic lens design and to the cloaking of objects from electromagnetic fields.
Abstract: Using the freedom of design that metamaterials provide, we show how electromagnetic fields can be redirected at will and propose a design strategy. The conserved fields-electric displacement field D, magnetic induction field B, and Poynting vector B-are all displaced in a consistent manner. A simple illustration is given of the cloaking of a proscribed volume of space to exclude completely all electromagnetic fields. Our work has relevance to exotic lens design and to the cloaking of objects from electromagnetic fields.
7,811 citations