Author
Sheldon Schultz
Other affiliations: University of California, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Bio: Sheldon Schultz is an academic researcher from University of California, San Diego. The author has contributed to research in topics: Magnetization & Plasmon. The author has an hindex of 43, co-authored 135 publications receiving 26175 citations. Previous affiliations of Sheldon Schultz include University of California & École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.
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01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss recent progress in the effort to develop a high gradient accelerator cavity based on Photonic Band Gap (PBG) concepts, which consists of a two-dimensional photonic lattice, composed of either dielectric or metal scatterers, bounded in the third dimension by flat conducting (or superconducting) plates.
Abstract: We discuss recent progress in our effort to develop a high gradient accelerator cavity based on Photonic Band Gap (PBG) concepts. Our proposed cavity consists of a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic lattice, composed of either dielectric or metal scatterers, bounded in the third dimension by flat conducting (or superconducting) plates. A defect introduced to the lattice, usually a removed scatterer, produces a defect mode with fields concentrated at the defect site and decaying exponentially in all directions away from the defect site. The defect mode is designed to resonate at frequencies in the 2–20 GHz range, where metals can still be used to confine the energy with minimal loss. We present in this paper some of the technical considerations which have arisen relevent to this application, and to PBG structures in general. In particular, we focus on measurements and calculations carried out for a 2-D metal PBG cavity.
TL;DR: In this article, the decay of the magnetization with time, for a given temperature, does not follow a simple log-t relation, and the role of possible nonthermal mechanisms is discussed.
Abstract: We report on magnetization time decay (MTD) data on several commercial and experimental tapes, γ‐Fe2O3 (as a function of packing fraction), Co‐doped γ‐Fe2O3, and CrO2, measured from 2 to 400 K between 1 s and 104 s. We have found that the decay of the magnetization with time, for a given temperature, does not follow a simple log t relation. At each temperature we analyze our data with an empirical model,1 which relates values of coercive field, Hc, obtained with a 60‐Hz B‐H looper to that measured with a slow VSM field cycle (i.e., over ten orders of magnitude of time). Particular emphasis will be given to the nature of the MTD in these samples when extrapolated to zero temperature. These data will be compared to that previously reported,2 and the role of possible nonthermal mechanisms will be discussed.
01 Oct 2002
TL;DR: The large scattering cross section of plasmon resonant gold and silver nanoparticles functionalized with the appropriate ligand allows for sensitive and specific detection of nucleic acids and proteins.
Abstract: The large scattering cross section of plasmon resonant gold and silver nanoparticles functionalized with the appropriate ligand allows for sensitive and specific detection of nucleic acids and proteins. By varying the size, shape, and material morphology populations with a specific peak plasmon resonance can be prepared. By varying the order and length of plasmon resonant bar segment in a composite nanowire one can obtain a large number of particle populations. Distinct populations can be used for labels for multiplexing or as a platform for biological assays. An larger number of color populations can be obtained with composite nanowires that are fabricated with various lengths of silver, gold, or nickel segments. The order and length of the different plasmon resonance rod segments can be used to uniquely identify a rod population allowing for a large degree of multiplexing within a single sample.
TL;DR: In this article, the specific heat of Gd x Eu 1−x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (0 ≤ × ≤ 1) was measured and the data showed a λ-type anomaly at high concentrations and a broad Schottky type anomaly at intermediate and low concentrations.
Abstract: We have measured the specific heat of Gd x Eu 1−x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (0 ≤ × ≤ 1). The data show a λ-type anomaly at high concentrations and a broad Schottky type anomaly at intermediate and low concentrations. We compare this behavior with theoretical predictions for a 2-dimensional Ising system.
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TL;DR: By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons—in particular their interaction with light—can be tailored, which could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved.
Abstract: Surface plasmons are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor. By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons--in particular their interaction with light--can be tailored, which offers the potential for developing new types of photonic device. This could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved. Surface plasmons are being explored for their potential in subwavelength optics, data storage, light generation, microscopy and bio-photonics.
10,689 citations
TL;DR: Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems as discussed by the authors, where the primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport.
Abstract: Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established results. The primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport in semiconductors and metals. Spin transport differs from charge transport in that spin is a nonconserved quantity in solids due to spin-orbit and hyperfine coupling. The authors discuss in detail spin decoherence mechanisms in metals and semiconductors. Various theories of spin injection and spin-polarized transport are applied to hybrid structures relevant to spin-based devices and fundamental studies of materials properties. Experimental work is reviewed with the emphasis on projected applications, in which external electric and magnetic fields and illumination by light will be used to control spin and charge dynamics to create new functionalities not feasible or ineffective with conventional electronics.
9,158 citations
TL;DR: These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root ofɛ·μ for the frequencies where both the permittivity and the permeability are negative.
Abstract: We present experimental scattering data at microwave frequencies on a structured metamaterial that exhibits a frequency band where the effective index of refraction (n) is negative. The material consists of a two-dimensional array of repeated unit cells of copper strips and split ring resonators on interlocking strips of standard circuit board material. By measuring the scattering angle of the transmitted beam through a prism fabricated from this material, we determine the effective n, appropriate to Snell's law. These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root of epsilon.mu for the frequencies where both the permittivity (epsilon) and the permeability (mu) are negative. Configurations of geometrical optical designs are now possible that could not be realized by positive index materials.
8,477 citations
TL;DR: Recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics are surveyed and an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles is offered.
Abstract: The emerging field of plasmonics has yielded methods for guiding and localizing light at the nanoscale, well below the scale of the wavelength of light in free space. Now plasmonics researchers are turning their attention to photovoltaics, where design approaches based on plasmonics can be used to improve absorption in photovoltaic devices, permitting a considerable reduction in the physical thickness of solar photovoltaic absorber layers, and yielding new options for solar-cell design. In this review, we survey recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics and offer an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles.
8,028 citations
TL;DR: This work shows how electromagnetic fields can be redirected at will and proposes a design strategy that has relevance to exotic lens design and to the cloaking of objects from electromagnetic fields.
Abstract: Using the freedom of design that metamaterials provide, we show how electromagnetic fields can be redirected at will and propose a design strategy. The conserved fields-electric displacement field D, magnetic induction field B, and Poynting vector B-are all displaced in a consistent manner. A simple illustration is given of the cloaking of a proscribed volume of space to exclude completely all electromagnetic fields. Our work has relevance to exotic lens design and to the cloaking of objects from electromagnetic fields.
7,811 citations