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Sheldon Schultz

Bio: Sheldon Schultz is an academic researcher from University of California, San Diego. The author has contributed to research in topics: Magnetization & Plasmon. The author has an hindex of 43, co-authored 135 publications receiving 26175 citations. Previous affiliations of Sheldon Schultz include University of California & École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a technique has been developed for measuring the switching fields of individual submicron magnetic particles using a magnetic force microscope (MFM) in which an in situ magnetic field can be applied.
Abstract: A technique has been developed for measuring the switching fields of individual submicron magnetic particles using a magnetic force microscope (MFM) in which an in situ magnetic field can be applied. This allows the study of the evolution of the particles' magnetic states as a function of applied field and the direct observation of cooperative switching. Observations of the switching fields for individual nanolithography Permalloy particles are compared with remanent magnetization data, taken with an alternating gradient magnetometer on both isolated and interactive arrays of these particles. Comparison of MFM images of the particles with numerical simulations has provided insight into the magnetic behavior of the sensing tips. >

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electrical resistivity, and dc magnetic susceptibility from 2 K -300 K for the high T c oxide superconductor EuBa 2 Cu 3 O 9−x, either undoped or doped with 3d ions (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, or Zn), which presumably substitute at the Cu sites.

48 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a new method for computing the electromagnetic properties of a finite photonic band gap (PBG) structure, which is based on the Green tensor technique in the frequency domain.
Abstract: The electromagnetic (EM) properties of infinitely periodic dielectric and metallic systems have been studied extensively in the context of photonic band gap (PBG) structures [1,2], where powerful numerical methods exist that take advantage of the periodicity. Any physical realization of a PBG structure, however, is finite, and thus will have electromagnetic properties and phenomena distinct from an infinite structure. Such phenomena may include surface modes, sensitivity to boundary termination, or band-edge resonances [3 ‐ 5]. The objective of this Letter is twofold. First, we present a new method of computing the EM properties of a finite PBG structure. Second, we use this approach to study an array of finite-height dielectric cylinders on a substrate, illuminated with an evanescent field. This geometry was chosen to demonstrate the versatility of the scattering method, since it is a nontrivial three-dimensional finite system with open boundary conditions. Furthermore, this configuration is accessible experimentally, requiring only a single PBG layer which could readily be fabricated by lithographic methods. Accurate numerical methods previously reported for calculating the properties of finite PBG structures include modal method [6], finite difference time domain [7], transfer matrix [8,9], and repeated supercell [10]. Our method uses a scattering solution to obtain the EM modes and modes density associated with an arbitrary finite PBG region. The scattering solution is based on the Green’s tensor technique in the frequency domain. Let us consider a scattering system «sr; vd embedded in an infinite homogeneous background «Bsvd like the finite sn 3 md lattice of infinite cylinders shown in Fig. 1(a). We assume harmonic fields with the usual expf2ivtg dependence. When the system is illuminated by an incident field E 0 sr; vd, the total electric field Esr; vd is a solution of the Fredholm equation of the second kind, Esr; vd › E 0 sr; vd

39 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
14 Aug 2003-Nature
TL;DR: By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons—in particular their interaction with light—can be tailored, which could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved.
Abstract: Surface plasmons are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor. By altering the structure of a metal's surface, the properties of surface plasmons--in particular their interaction with light--can be tailored, which offers the potential for developing new types of photonic device. This could lead to miniaturized photonic circuits with length scales that are much smaller than those currently achieved. Surface plasmons are being explored for their potential in subwavelength optics, data storage, light generation, microscopy and bio-photonics.

10,689 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems as discussed by the authors, where the primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport.
Abstract: Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems. This article reviews the current status of this subject, including both recent advances and well-established results. The primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport in semiconductors and metals. Spin transport differs from charge transport in that spin is a nonconserved quantity in solids due to spin-orbit and hyperfine coupling. The authors discuss in detail spin decoherence mechanisms in metals and semiconductors. Various theories of spin injection and spin-polarized transport are applied to hybrid structures relevant to spin-based devices and fundamental studies of materials properties. Experimental work is reviewed with the emphasis on projected applications, in which external electric and magnetic fields and illumination by light will be used to control spin and charge dynamics to create new functionalities not feasible or ineffective with conventional electronics.

9,158 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Apr 2001-Science
TL;DR: These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root ofɛ·μ for the frequencies where both the permittivity and the permeability are negative.
Abstract: We present experimental scattering data at microwave frequencies on a structured metamaterial that exhibits a frequency band where the effective index of refraction (n) is negative. The material consists of a two-dimensional array of repeated unit cells of copper strips and split ring resonators on interlocking strips of standard circuit board material. By measuring the scattering angle of the transmitted beam through a prism fabricated from this material, we determine the effective n, appropriate to Snell's law. These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root of epsilon.mu for the frequencies where both the permittivity (epsilon) and the permeability (mu) are negative. Configurations of geometrical optical designs are now possible that could not be realized by positive index materials.

8,477 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics are surveyed and an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles is offered.
Abstract: The emerging field of plasmonics has yielded methods for guiding and localizing light at the nanoscale, well below the scale of the wavelength of light in free space. Now plasmonics researchers are turning their attention to photovoltaics, where design approaches based on plasmonics can be used to improve absorption in photovoltaic devices, permitting a considerable reduction in the physical thickness of solar photovoltaic absorber layers, and yielding new options for solar-cell design. In this review, we survey recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics and offer an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles.

8,028 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Jun 2006-Science
TL;DR: This work shows how electromagnetic fields can be redirected at will and proposes a design strategy that has relevance to exotic lens design and to the cloaking of objects from electromagnetic fields.
Abstract: Using the freedom of design that metamaterials provide, we show how electromagnetic fields can be redirected at will and propose a design strategy. The conserved fields-electric displacement field D, magnetic induction field B, and Poynting vector B-are all displaced in a consistent manner. A simple illustration is given of the cloaking of a proscribed volume of space to exclude completely all electromagnetic fields. Our work has relevance to exotic lens design and to the cloaking of objects from electromagnetic fields.

7,811 citations