Sheldon Weinbaum

TL;DR: It is proposed that the osteocytes, although not responsive to substantial fluid pressures, can be stimulated by relatively small fluid shear stresses acting on the membranes of their osteocytic processes.

TL;DR: The mechanical and biochemical properties of the EGL and the latest studies on the interactions of this layer with red and white blood cells are examined, including its deformation owing to fluid shear stress, its penetration by leukocyte microvilli, and its restorative response after the passage of a white cell in a tightly fitting capillary.

TL;DR: It is shown that the core proteins in the bush-like structures comprising the matrix have a flexural rigidity, EI, that is sufficiently stiff to serve as a molecular filter for plasma proteins and as an exquisitely designed transducer of fluid shearing stresses.

TL;DR: The mathematical model predicts that inclusions located in an area of high circumferential stress in the cap can intensify this stress to nearly 600 kPa when the cap thickness is <65 μm, and the most likely candidates for the inclusions are either calcified macrophages or smooth muscle cells that have undergone apoptosis.

TL;DR: This review highlights current insights in bone adaptation to external mechanical loading, with an emphasis on how a mechanical load placed on whole bones is translated and amplified into a mechanical signal that is subsequently sensed by the osteocytes.