Polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and its association with growth traits in Boer goat bucks

Two active mutations (A 781 G and A 1575 G) in growth hormone (GH) gene, and their associations with litter size (LS), were investigated in both a high prolificacy (Matou, n = 182) and a low prolificacy breed (Boer, n = 352) by using the PCR-RFLP method. Superovulation experiments were designed in 57 dams, in order to evaluate the effect of different genotypes of the GH gene on superovulation response. Two genotypes (AA and AB, CC and CD) in each mutation were detected in these two goat breeds. Neither BB nor DD homozygous genotypes were observed. The genotypic frequencies of AB and CC were significantly higher than those of AA and CD. In the third parity, Matou dams with AB or CC genotypes had significantly larger litter sizes than those with AA and CD (p < 0.05). On combining the two loci, both Matou and Boer dams with ABCD genotype had the largest litter sizes when compared to the other genotypes (p < 0.05). When undergoing like superovulation treatments, a significantly higher number of corpora lutea and ova, with a lower incidence of ovarian cysts, were harvested in the AB and CC genotypes than in AA and CD. These results show that the two loci of GH gene are highly associated with abundant prolificacy and superovulation response in goat breeds.

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The association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in growth hormone (GH) gene with litter size and superovulation response in goat-breeds

As one of the transport systems on the sperm plasma membrane, CD4 molecule plays a distinct role in the process of sperm/DNA interaction. This makes it possible to explain the mechanism of sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT), which at present is still a mystery in this area. In this study, seminal samples of 60 individuals from seven breed bucks were collected to detect the ability of sperm in internalizing exogenous DNA, and genomic DNA from 147 individual blood samples (including 60 bucks referred ahead) were extracted to test the polymorphisms of CD4 genes by using PCR-SSCP technique. Then the correlation between them was evaluated. The results showed that: (1) it was a novel finding that breed-dependence of exogenous DNA binding to goat spermatozoa. There was the most significant difference among the buck breeds of sperm in binding exogenous DNA (F(6, 53) = 4.811, P = 0.001) and in internalizing them into nuclei (F(6, 53) = 4.587, P = 0.001). The ability of Lezhi Black goat was the lowest (P 0.05). (3) In particular, three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were described and there was one SNP (G/A700) of CD4 gene that made G234R substitution in the amino acid sequence of CD4 molecule. Nanjiang Yellow goat and Lezhi Black goat had higher hereditary variation compared with other breeds. (4) CD4 polymorphisms were highly associated with the ability of sperm in internalizing exogenous DNA. The SNP of Caprine CD4 gene exon 6 might be an important molecular marker of the ability to internalize exogenous DNA into sperm.

Association of goat ( Capra hircus ) CD4 gene exon 6 polymorphisms with ability of sperm internalizing exogenous DNA

Growth hormone (GH) plays an important role in several biological processes such as reproduction, lactation, metabolism and growth of livestock animals The objectives of this study were to screen growth hormone (GH) gene variants and to identify the polymorphism of GH gene in Savanna and Kalahari goats using PCR-RFLP technique Genomic DNA was obtained from goat blood samples and amplified by PCR-RFLP using five growth hormone genes The present study showed two variations were present in growth hormone (GH1 and GH5) of goats The analysis of 422 bp GH1 fragment revealed polymorphisms with three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) The AB genotype was identified as with the highest frequency in Savanna and Kalahari goats with values of 088 and 064, respectively GH5 revealed three genotypes (GH, GG and HH) which differed in patterns from GH1 The highest genotype frequencies of GH5 in Savanna goats were 057 and 037 for GG and GH genotypes, respectively Observed genotypes and frequencies in Kalahari goats differed from Savanna goats The highest frequencies of GH and HH genotypes were found in Kalahari goats with value 05 and 036, respectively Further sequence analysis showed that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in GH2 in exon 4 that caused a change in amino acid coding One SNP located in exon 3 in GH6 was identified but did not change the amino acid coding

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HaeIII-RFLP Polymorphism of growth hormone gene in Savanna and Kalahari goats.

Genetic polymorphism of growth hormone gene at locus A1575G and A781G was studied for 9 sheep breeds of different agro-ecological regions of India. A total of 324 random blood samples of Indian sheep breeds were analyzed by PCR- RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction- Restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique. Restriction digestion analysis at A781G locus revealed two allelic variants (A= 0.6016 and B= 0.3983) and two genotypes (AA= 0.2032, AB= 0.7968). At A1575G locus, all individuals were homozygous (CC) in all 9 breeds. The allelic frequency differences for both alleles across the Indian breeds, irrespective of their geographic distribution, colour pattern and utility traits, were statistically non-significant. The average heterozygosity was 0.4712. These findings reveal that substantial level of genetic variation exists at A781G locus and adds substance to search for QTL(quantitative trait locus) for growth trait in Indian sheep breeds.

Genetic polymorphism of growth hormone gene in native sheep breeds of India

Growth hormone is an important hormone to adjust animal growth.It has extensive physiology function. The polymorphism of goat GH gene in 276 goats including LuBei white goat,introduced boer goat, purebred breed boer goat, hybrid generation 1 of LuBei white goat and boer goat,generation of hybrid generation 1 and Boer goat were detected by PCR-RFLPs and the PCR products were digested by 10 restriction endonucleases such as HaeⅢ、HhaⅠ、TaqⅠ etc. The result showed that the HaeⅢ site had polymorphism in the 5 breeds and presented as AA and AB genotype, but othes had no polymorphims.

Shen Wei

Papers

Polymorphism analysis of goat growth hormone(GH) gene by PCR-RFLP

Influencing factors of porcine spermatozoa binding and internalization exogenous DNA.