Mistakes and inconsistencies regarding adsorption of contaminants from aqueous solutions: A critical review.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of adsorption isotherm models: A review.

A critical review of the estimation of the thermodynamic parameters on adsorption equilibria. Wrong use of equilibrium constant in the Van't Hoof equation for calculation of thermodynamic parameters of adsorption

Thermodynamic adsorption investigation plays a key role in estimating adsorptive mechanisms (i.e., physical or chemical). Accuracy estimation of the thermodynamic parameters is directly dependent on the equilibrium constant between two phases (KC; dimensionless). In this study, the thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the KC constants derived from the adsorption isotherm constants (i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, and Henry) and partition coefficient, with and without dimensionality consideration. Results showed that the optimal selection of KC is strongly dependent on: the adsorption characteristics (i.e., Henry, Freundlich, and Langmuir) where equilibrium data are actually located; and the correlation coefficient of the van’t Hoff equation. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich constants (dimensionless) are appropriate to calculate the thermodynamic parameters. The Langmuir constants from its four linear forms can be applied to calculate the thermodynamic parameters without significant difference. The Cd(II) biosorption process onto the orange peel (OP) occurred spontaneously (−ΔG°), in an exothermic nature (−ΔH°), and with increased randomness (+ΔS°). The biosorption process involved physical adsorption with minimal activation energy (Ea) and adsorption energy (E). The biosorption phenomenon reached fast equilibrium and reversibility. The negatively charged carboxylic groups (–COO−) on the OP’s surface play an important role (approximately 90%) in Cd2+ biosorption through electrostatic attractions (out-sphere complexes).

Sheng-Jie You

Papers

Mistakes and inconsistencies regarding adsorption of contaminants from aqueous solutions: A critical review.

Thermodynamic parameters of cadmium adsorption onto orange peel calculated from various methods: A comparison study

Insights into the mechanism of cationic dye adsorption on activated charcoal: The importance of π–π interactions

Fast and efficient adsorption of methylene green 5 on activated carbon prepared from new chemical activation method.

Effect of pyrolysis temperatures and times on the adsorption of cadmium onto orange peel derived biochar