Bromination is one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis and can be carried out using bromine and many other bromo compounds. Use of molecular bromine in organic synthesis is well-known. However, due to the hazardous nature of bromine, enormous growth has been witnessed in the past several decades for the development of solid bromine carriers. This review outlines the use of bromine and different bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis. The applications of bromine, a total of 107 bromo-organic compounds, 11 other brominating agents, and a few natural bromine sources were incorporated. The scope of these reagents for various organic transformations such as bromination, cohalogenation, oxidation, cyclization, ring-opening reactions, substitution, rearrangement, hydrolysis, catalysis, etc. has been described briefly to highlight important aspects of the bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis.

Use of Bromine and Bromo-Organic Compounds in Organic Synthesis

http://www.chtf.stuba.sk/~szolcsanyi/education/files/Chemia%20heterocyklickych%20zlucenin/Prednaska%207/Doplnkove%20studijne%20materialy/Cellulose/Chemical%20conversion%20pathways%20for%20carbohydrates.pdf

Chemical conversion pathways for carbohydrates

Hidayat Hussain,*,†,‡ Ivan R. Green, and Ishtiaq Ahmed †Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany ‡Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1Matieland 7602, South Africa Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), DFG Centre for Functional Nanostructures, Wolfgang Gaede Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Journey describing applications of oxone in synthetic chemistry

Numerous synthetic protocols for producing syn-diols from the corresponding alkenes have been developed and published over recent years. It is the intent of the following tutorial review to present a concise summary of the main methods used to prepare syn-diol fragments directly from alkene precursors, and that do not make use of osmium oxo complexes as catalysts.

Osmium-free direct syn-dihydroxylation of alkenes

Catalytic glycosylation has been a central reaction in carbohydrate chemistry since its introduction by Fischer 125 years ago, but it is only in the past three to four decades that catalytic methods for synthesizing oligosaccharides have appeared. Despite the development of numerous elegant and ingenious catalytic glycosylation methods, only a few are in general use. This review covers all methods of catalytic glycosylation with the focus on the development and application in oligosaccharide synthesis and provide an overview of the scope and limitations of these. The review also includes relevant mechanistic studies of catalytic glycosylations. The future of catalytic glycosylation chemistry is discussed, including specific, upcoming methods and possible directions for the field of research in general.

Catalytic Glycosylations in Oligosaccharide Synthesis

Perchloric acid supported on silica gel acts as an excellent reagent system in converting glucals into 2,3-unsaturated-O-glucosides in good to excellent yields in short reaction time with good a selectivity. Primary, secondary, and allylic alcohols, phenols, and thiols react with 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl glucal with equal ease. In addition to this, a chiral furan diol is obtained from unprotected D-glucal or D-galactal in good yields.

Protic acid (HClO4 supported on silica gel)-mediated synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated-O-glucosides and a chiral furan diol from 2,3-glycals.

An efficient one step dihydroxylation of 1,2-glycals with oxone in acetone

Nafion-H mediated selective deprotection of terminal isopropylidene acetals and trityl ethers. Application in the synthesis of a substituted piperidone

LaCl3.7H2O/NaI/benzyl alcohol: a novel reagent system for regioselective hydration of glycals: application in the synthesis of 1,6-dideoxynojirimycin

O-Benzyl-protected C-2 formyl glycals are regioselectively deprotected and acetylated first at C-3 and then at C-6 upon treatment with a ZnCl2−Ac2O−AcOH reagent combination. Treatment of the thus-obtained C-3 acetate with various nucleophiles leads to substitution at C-3 with retention of stereochemistry in the galactal series, whereas mixed results were obtained with glucal-derived compounds. Two of the azido-substituted products were converted into the corresponding β-sugar amino acids.

Regio- and Stereocontrolled Selective Debenzylation and Substitution Reactions of C-2 Formyl Glycals. Application in the Synthesis of Constrained β-Sugar Amino Acids

Shikha Rani

Papers

Protic acid (HClO4 supported on silica gel)-mediated synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated-O-glucosides and a chiral furan diol from 2,3-glycals.

An efficient one step dihydroxylation of 1,2-glycals with oxone in acetone

Nafion-H mediated selective deprotection of terminal isopropylidene acetals and trityl ethers. Application in the synthesis of a substituted piperidone

LaCl3.7H2O/NaI/benzyl alcohol: a novel reagent system for regioselective hydration of glycals: application in the synthesis of 1,6-dideoxynojirimycin

Regio- and Stereocontrolled Selective Debenzylation and Substitution Reactions of C-2 Formyl Glycals. Application in the Synthesis of Constrained β-Sugar Amino Acids