Shivam Chaudhary

Bio: Shivam Chaudhary is an academic researcher from University of Delhi. The author has contributed to research in topics: Gene & Genome. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 14 citations.

review article on polyherbal hair oil

Abstract: The idea of beauty and cosmetics is as historic as mankind and civilization. So, they use various beauty merchandise which has herbs to appearance captivating and young. natural cosmetics are nowadays widely utilized by commonplace human beings because of the concept of fewer aspect consequences and a higher protection and safety profile. the prevailing work aimed to formulate natural oil for trendy reasons (utility in hairs) using numerous herbs. T: natural cosmetics have burgeoning demand inside the global market and are an inestimable presence of nature. There are huge spans of natural cosmetic products to meet the beauty regime. The presence of some of phytochemicals and botanicals in the herbal products have twin stuff, one which they're used as cosmetics for body care and another that phytochemicals amend the organic features of the human frame certainly resulting in wholesome skin and hairs. herbal hair oil no longer simplest moisturizes the scalp however also converse dry scalp and dry hair conditions. It bestows several crucial vitamins required to preserve everyday functions of the sebaceous gland and sell natural hair increase.

Development and use of miRNA-derived SSR markers for the study of genetic diversity, population structure, and characterization of genotypes for breeding heat tolerant wheat varieties

Abstract: Heat stress is an important abiotic factor that limits wheat production globally, including south-east Asia. The importance of micro (mi) RNAs in gene expression under various biotic and abiotic stresses is well documented. Molecular markers, specifically simple sequence repeats (SSRs), play an important role in the wheat improvement breeding programs. Given the role of miRNAs in heat stress-induced transcriptional regulation and acclimatization, the development of miRNA-derived SSRs would prove useful in studying the allelic diversity at the heat-responsive miRNA-genes in wheat. In the present study, efforts have been made to identify SSRs from 96 wheat heat-responsive miRNA-genes and their characterization using a panel of wheat genotypes with contrasting reactions (tolerance/susceptible) to heat stress. A set of 13 miRNA-derived SSR markers were successfully developed as an outcome. These miRNA-SSRs are located on 11 different common wheat chromosomes (2A, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6D, and 7A). Among 13 miRNA-SSRs, seven were polymorphic on a set of 37 selected wheat genotypes. Within these polymorphic SSRs, three makers, namely HT-169j, HT-160a, and HT-160b, were found promising as they could discriminate heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes. This is the first report of miRNA-SSR development in wheat and their deployment in genetic diversity and population structure studies and characterization of trait-specific germplasm. The study suggests that this new class of molecular makers has great potential in the marker-assisted breeding (MAB) programs targeted at improving heat tolerance and other adaptability or developmental traits in wheat and other crops.

Genome-wide analysis of the serine carboxypeptidase-like protein family in Triticum aestivum reveals TaSCPL184-6D is involved in abiotic stress response

Abstract: The serine carboxypeptidase-like protein (SCPL) family plays a vital role in stress response, growth, development and pathogen defense. However, the identification and functional analysis of SCPL gene family members have not yet been performed in wheat. In this study, we identified a total of 210 candidate genes encoding SCPL proteins in wheat. According to their structural characteristics, it is possible to divide these members into three subfamilies: CPI, CPII and CPIII. We uncovered a total of 209 TaSCPL genes unevenly distributed across 21 wheat chromosomes, of which 65.7% are present in triads. Gene duplication analysis showed that ~ 10.5% and ~ 64.8% of the TaSCPL genes are derived from tandem and segmental duplication events, respectively. Moreover, the Ka/Ks ratios between duplicated TaSCPL gene pairs were lower than 0.6, which suggests the action of strong purifying selection. Gene structure analysis showed that most of the TaSCPL genes contain multiple introns and that the motifs present in each subfamily are relatively conserved. Our analysis on cis-acting elements showed that the promoter sequences of TaSCPL genes are enriched in drought-, ABA- and MeJA-responsive elements. In addition, we studied the expression profiles of TaSCPL genes in different tissues at different developmental stages. We then evaluated the expression levels of four TaSCPL genes by qRT-PCR, and selected TaSCPL184-6D for further downstream analysis. The results showed an enhanced drought and salt tolerance among TaSCPL184-6D transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and that the overexpression of the gene increased proline and decreased malondialdehyde levels, which might help plants adapting to adverse environments. Our results provide comprehensive analyses of wheat SCPL genes that might work as a reference for future studies aimed at improving drought and salt tolerance in wheat. We conducte a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the TaSCPL gene family in wheat, which revealing the potential roles of TaSCPL genes in abiotic stress. Our analysis also provides useful resources for improving the resistance of wheat.

QTL detection and putative candidate gene prediction for leaf rolling under moisture stress condition in wheat

Abstract: Leaf rolling is an important mechanism to mitigate the effects of moisture stress in several plant species. In the present study, a set of 92 wheat recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between NI5439 × HD2012 were used to identify QTLs associated with leaf rolling under moisture stress condition. Linkage map was constructed using Axiom 35 K Breeder's SNP Array and microsatellite (SSR) markers. A linkage map with 3661 markers comprising 3589 SNP and 72 SSR markers spanning 22,275.01 cM in length across 21 wheat chromosomes was constructed. QTL analysis for leaf rolling trait under moisture stress condition revealed 12 QTLs on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4A, 4B, 5D, and 6B. A stable QTL Qlr.nhv-5D.2 was identified on 5D chromosome flanked by SNP marker interval AX-94892575-AX-95124447 (5D:338665301-5D:410952987). Genetic and physical map integration in the confidence intervals of Qlr.nhv-5D.2 revealed 14 putative candidate genes for drought tolerance which was narrowed down to six genes based on in-silico analysis. Comparative study of leaf rolling genes in rice viz., NRL1, OsZHD1, Roc5, and OsHB3 on wheat genome revealed five genes on chromosome 5D. Out of the identified genes, TraesCS5D02G253100 falls exactly in the QTL Qlr.nhv-5D.2 interval and showed 96.9% identity with OsZHD1. Two genes similar to OsHB3 viz. TraesCS5D02G052300 and TraesCS5D02G385300 exhibiting 85.6% and 91.8% identity; one gene TraesCS5D02G320600 having 83.9% identity with Roc5 gene; and one gene TraesCS5D02G102600 showing 100% identity with NRL1 gene were also identified, however, these genes are located outside Qlr.nhv-5D.2 interval. Hence, TraesCS5D02G253100 could be the best potential candidate gene for leaf rolling and can be utilized for improving drought tolerance in wheat.

Homology modeling and molecular dynamics based insights into Chalcone synthase and Chalcone isomerase in Phyllanthus emblica L.

Abstract: Chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) plays a major role in the biosynthesis of flavonoid in plants. In this study, we made extensive bioinformatics analysis to gain functional and structural insight into PeCHS and PeCHI proteins. The phylogenetic distribution of PeCHS and PeCHI genes encoding proteins demonstrated the close evolutionary relationship with different CHS and CHI proteins of other dicot plants. MicroRNA target analysis showed miR169n and 3p miR5053 targeting PeCHS gene while miR169c-3p and miR4248 are targeting PeCHI gene, respectively. Three-dimensional structural models of PeCHS and PeCHI proteins were elucidated by homology modeling with Ramachandran plots showing the excellent geometry of the proteins structure. Molecular docking revealed that cinnamoyl-coa and naringenin chalcone substrates are strongly bound to PeCHS and PeCHI proteins, respectively. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for 30 ns, further yielded stability checks of ligands in the binding pocket and behavior of protein complexes. Thus MD simulation and interaction fraction analysis showed the stable conformation of PeCHS and PeCHI proteins with their respective substrates during theee simulation. Our study provides first-hand structural prospective of PeCHS and PeCHI proteins towards understanding the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in P. emblica.