Shreesh R. Naik

Bio: Shreesh R. Naik is an academic researcher from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Geology & Nanomedicine. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 986 citations.

Nanowired three-dimensional cardiac patches

Abstract: Incorporating gold nanowires into scaffolds used to create heart patches can improve electrical communication between cells and enhance the growth of tissues.

Nanowired three-dimensional cardiac patches

Abstract: Incorporating gold nanowires into scaffolds used to create heart patches can improve electrical communication between cells and enhance the growth of tissues.

Sana: democratizing access to quality healthcare using an open mhealth architecture

Abstract: Introduction: Sana is a cell phone-facilitated clinical information system that connects community health workers and medical specialists, to improve screening and diagnostics in resource-constrained settings. Aims and objectives: The platform allows the transmission of any type of medical data—text, audio, video or photo—from a rural health worker to a remote medical specialist for real-time decision support, and for incorporation into an electronic medical record in order to facilitate care, quality control and allow statistical analysis. By functioning as a portable medical record, Sana also offers the ability to track patients more easily. The point-of-care platform is open source and customizable, allowing doctors to encode new assessments onto smart-phones for a specific application, or to use existing ones. The Sana team partners with universities, social enterprises, governments, NGOs and health organizations in resource-poor countries to assist with implementations of the Sana platform. There are currently eight deployments of Sana in Brazil, Greece, India, the Philippines, Swaziland and Zimbabwe, covering a range of clinical areas. Results: One of the most urgent problems in resource-poor areas of the world is a shortage of doctors, and especially medical specialists. The biggest implementation of the Sana platform so far has been for the early detection of oral cancer in rural south India. It enables frontline community health workers to screen for precancerous and cancerous lesions by using Sana’s clinical decision support tools in dental hospitals and primary health clinics. Diagnosing oral cancer lesions at an early stage can reduce morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment. Screening processes also increase awareness of risk factors for oral cancer among the population, such as smoking and betel nut chewing. The solution was first implemented in June 2010 and more local health workers and support staff were brought on board in February 2011. By August 2010, up to 6000 people had been screened for oral cancer in the state of Karnataka. 300 patients were identified as high risk and their clinical data, including a photo of the inside of their mouth, were reviewed by an oral cancer specialist at a large tertiary care centre. The plan over the next year is to scale the project to screen one and a half million people in the province of Karnataka. The developed world, meanwhile, is facing a crisis of an ageing population and a growing burden of chronic disease. In Greece, Sana has been deployed to treat one of the complications of a chronic disease, diabetes. Diabetes continues to be the most common underlying cause of nontraumatic lower extremity amputations, mainly due to foot ulcerations. Sana has developed a mobile health platform for diabetic foot tele-health and a pilot clinical trial to evaluate it is under development in Central Greece. The patients are offered

A flexible and highly sensitive strain-gauge sensor using reversible interlocking of nanofibres

Abstract: Flexible skin-attachable strain-gauge sensors are an essential component in the development of artificial systems that can mimic the complex characteristics of the human skin. In general, such sensors contain a number of circuits or complex layered matrix arrays. Here, we present a simple architecture for a flexible and highly sensitive strain sensor that enables the detection of pressure, shear and torsion. The device is based on two interlocked arrays of high-aspect-ratio Pt-coated polymeric nanofibres that are supported on thin polydimethylsiloxane layers. When different sensing stimuli are applied, the degree of interconnection and the electrical resistance of the sensor changes in a reversible, directional manner with specific, discernible strain-gauge factors. The sensor response is highly repeatable and reproducible up to 10,000 cycles with excellent on/off switching behaviour. We show that the sensor can be used to monitor signals ranging from human heartbeats to the impact of a bouncing water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface.

Art of electronics

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Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin‐Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics

Abstract: Recent progress in electronic skin or e-skin research is broadly reviewed, focusing on technologies needed in three main applications: skin-attachable electronics, robotics, and prosthetics. First, since e-skin will be exposed to prolonged stresses of various kinds and needs to be conformally adhered to irregularly shaped surfaces, materials with intrinsic stretchability and self-healing properties are of great importance. Second, tactile sensing capability such as the detection of pressure, strain, slip, force vector, and temperature are important for health monitoring in skin attachable devices, and to enable object manipulation and detection of surrounding environment for robotics and prosthetics. For skin attachable devices, chemical and electrophysiological sensing and wireless signal communication are of high significance to fully gauge the state of health of users and to ensure user comfort. For robotics and prosthetics, large-area integration on 3D surfaces in a facile and scalable manner is critical. Furthermore, new signal processing strategies using neuromorphic devices are needed to efficiently process tactile information in a parallel and low power manner. For prosthetics, neural interfacing electrodes are of high importance. These topics are discussed, focusing on progress, current challenges, and future prospects.

Nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications.

Abstract: Hydrogels mimic native tissue microenvironment due to their porous and hydrated molecular structure. An emerging approach to reinforce polymeric hydrogels and to include multiple functionalities focuses on incorporating nanoparticles within the hydrogel network. A wide range of nanoparticles, such as carbon-based, polymeric, ceramic, and metallic nanomaterials can be integrated within the hydrogel networks to obtain nanocomposites with superior properties and tailored functionality. Nanocomposite hydrogels can be engineered to possess superior physical, chemical, electrical, and biological properties. This review focuses on the most recent developments in the field of nanocomposite hydrogels with emphasis on biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. In particular, we discuss synthesis and fabrication of nanocomposite hydrogels, examine their current limitations and conclude with future directions in designing more advanced nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical and biotechnological applications.

Carbon-Nanotube-Embedded Hydrogel Sheets for Engineering Cardiac Constructs and Bioactuators

Abstract: We engineered functional cardiac patches by seeding neonatal rat cardiomyocytes onto carbon nanotube (CNT)-incorporated photo-cross-linkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels. The resulting cardiac constructs showed excellent mechanical integrity and advanced electrophysiological functions. Specifically, myocardial tissues cultured on 50 μm thick CNT-GelMA showed 3 times higher spontaneous synchronous beating rates and 85% lower excitation threshold, compared to those cultured on pristine GelMA hydrogels. Our results indicate that the electrically conductive and nanofibrous networks formed by CNTs within a porous gelatin framework are the key characteristics of CNT-GelMA leading to improved cardiac cell adhesion, organization, and cell–cell coupling. Centimeter-scale patches were released from glass substrates to form 3D biohybrid actuators, which showed controllable linear cyclic contraction/extension, pumping, and swimming actuations. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that cardiac tiss...