Author
Shuuji Kajita
Other affiliations: Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Systems Research Institute ...read more
Bio: Shuuji Kajita is an academic researcher from National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Humanoid robot & Robot control. The author has an hindex of 62, co-authored 188 publications receiving 15163 citations. Previous affiliations of Shuuji Kajita include Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry & Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Topics: Humanoid robot, Robot control, Mobile robot, Robot, Robot kinematics
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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10 Nov 2003
TL;DR: A new method of a biped walking pattern generation by using a preview control of the zero-moment point (ZMP) is introduced and a preview controller can be used to compensate the ZMP error caused by the difference between a simple model and the precise multibody model.
Abstract: We introduce a new method of a biped walking pattern generation by using a preview control of the zero-moment point (ZMP). First, the dynamics of a biped robot is modeled as a running cart on a table which gives a convenient representation to treat ZMP. After reviewing conventional methods of ZMP based pattern generation, we formalize the problem as the design of a ZMP tracking servo controller. It is shown that we can realize such controller by adopting the preview control theory that uses the future reference. It is also shown that a preview controller can be used to compensate the ZMP error caused by the difference between a simple model and the precise multibody model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a simulation of walking on spiral stairs.
2,090 citations
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29 Oct 2001
TL;DR: Geometric nature of trajectories under the 3D-LIPM and a method for walking pattern generation are discussed, and a simulation result of a walking control using a 12-DOF biped robot model is shown.
Abstract: For 3D walking control of a biped robot we analyze the dynamics of a 3D inverted pendulum in which motion is constrained to move along an arbitrarily defined plane. This analysis yields a simple linear dynamics, the 3D linear inverted pendulum mode (3D-LIPM). Geometric nature of trajectories under the 3D-LIPM and a method for walking pattern generation are discussed. A simulation result of a walking control using a 12-DOF biped robot model is also shown.
1,033 citations
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27 Sep 2004
TL;DR: The development of humanoid robot HRP-3 is presented and it is shown that its main mechanical and structural components are designed to prevent the penetration of dust or spray and its wrist and hand are newly designed to improve manipulation.
Abstract: A development of humanoid robot HRP-2 is presented in this paper. HRP-2 is a humanoid robotics platform, which we developed in phase two of HRP. HRP was a humanoid robotics project, which had run by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan from 1998FY to 2002FY for five years. The ability of the biped locomotion of HRP-2 is improved so that HRP-2 can cope with uneven surface, can walk at two third level of human speed, and can walk on a narrow path. The ability of whole body motion of HRP-2 is also improved so that HRP-2 can get up by a humanoid robot's own self if HRP-2 tips over safely. In this paper, the appearance design, the mechanisms, the electrical systems, specifications, and features upgraded from its prototype are also introduced.
897 citations
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01 Jun 2001TL;DR: This work proposes a method for formulating the problem of the smooth hip motion with the largest stability margin using only two parameters, and derive the hip trajectory by iterative computation.
Abstract: Biped robots have better mobility than conventional wheeled robots, but they tend to tip over easily. To be able to walk stably in various environments, such as on rough terrain, up and down slopes, or in regions containing obstacles, it is necessary for the robot to adapt to the ground conditions with a foot motion, and maintain its stability with a torso motion. When the ground conditions and stability constraint are satisfied, it is desirable to select a walking pattern that requires small torque and velocity of the joint actuators. We first formulate the constraints of the foot motion parameters. By varying the values of the constraint parameters, we can produce different types of foot motion to adapt to ground conditions. We then propose a method for formulating the problem of the smooth hip motion with the largest stability margin using only two parameters, and derive the hip trajectory by iterative computation. Finally, the correlation between the actuator specifications and the walking patterns is described through simulation studies, and the effectiveness of the proposed methods is confirmed by simulation examples and experimental results.
859 citations
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03 Dec 2003TL;DR: A method to generate whole body motion of a humanoid robot such that the resulted total linear/angular momenta become specified values gives a unified framework to generate various maneuvers of humanoid robots.
Abstract: We introduce a method to generate whole body motion of a humanoid robot such that the resulted total linear/angular momenta become specified values. First, we derive a linear equation, which gives to total momentum of a robot from its physical parameters, the base link speed and the joint speeds. Constraints between the legs and the environment are also considered. The whole body motion is calculated from a given momentum reference by using a pseudo-inverse of the inertia matrix. As examples, we generated the kicking and walking motions and tested on the actual humanoid robot HRP-2. This method, the resolved momentum control, gives us a unified framework to generate various maneuvers of humanoid robots.
503 citations
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TL;DR: The first successful application of the SLAM methodology from mobile robotics to the "pure vision" domain of a single uncontrolled camera, achieving real time but drift-free performance inaccessible to structure from motion approaches is presented.
Abstract: We present a real-time algorithm which can recover the 3D trajectory of a monocular camera, moving rapidly through a previously unknown scene. Our system, which we dub MonoSLAM, is the first successful application of the SLAM methodology from mobile robotics to the "pure vision" domain of a single uncontrolled camera, achieving real time but drift-free performance inaccessible to structure from motion approaches. The core of the approach is the online creation of a sparse but persistent map of natural landmarks within a probabilistic framework. Our key novel contributions include an active approach to mapping and measurement, the use of a general motion model for smooth camera movement, and solutions for monocular feature initialization and feature orientation estimation. Together, these add up to an extremely efficient and robust algorithm which runs at 30 Hz with standard PC and camera hardware. This work extends the range of robotic systems in which SLAM can be usefully applied, but also opens up new areas. We present applications of MonoSLAM to real-time 3D localization and mapping for a high-performance full-size humanoid robot and live augmented reality with a hand-held camera
3,772 citations
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10 Nov 2003
TL;DR: A new method of a biped walking pattern generation by using a preview control of the zero-moment point (ZMP) is introduced and a preview controller can be used to compensate the ZMP error caused by the difference between a simple model and the precise multibody model.
Abstract: We introduce a new method of a biped walking pattern generation by using a preview control of the zero-moment point (ZMP). First, the dynamics of a biped robot is modeled as a running cart on a table which gives a convenient representation to treat ZMP. After reviewing conventional methods of ZMP based pattern generation, we formalize the problem as the design of a ZMP tracking servo controller. It is shown that we can realize such controller by adopting the preview control theory that uses the future reference. It is also shown that a preview controller can be used to compensate the ZMP error caused by the difference between a simple model and the precise multibody model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a simulation of walking on spiral stairs.
2,090 citations
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01 Jan 2013TL;DR: A versatile, scalable, yet powerful general-purpose robot simulation framework called V-REP, which allows for direct incorporation of various control techniques and renders simulations and simulation models more accessible to a general-public, by reducing the simulation model deployment complexity.
Abstract: From exploring planets to cleaning homes, the reach and versatility of robotics is vast. The integration of actuation, sensing and control makes robotics systems powerful, but complicates their simulation. This paper introduces a versatile, scalable, yet powerful general-purpose robot simulation framework called V-REP. The paper discusses the utility of a portable and flexible simulation framework that allows for direct incorporation of various control techniques. This renders simulations and simulation models more accessible to a general-public, by reducing the simulation model deployment complexity. It also increases productivity by offering built-in and ready-to-use functionalities, as well as a multitude of programming approaches. This allows for a multitude of applications including rapid algorithm development, system verification, rapid prototyping, and deployment for cases such as safety/remote monitoring, training and education, hardware control, and factory automation simulation.
1,293 citations
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01 Dec 2006TL;DR: The well-known linear inverted pendulum model is extended to include a flywheel body and it is shown how to compute exact solutions of the capture region for this model, the region on the ground where a humanoid must step to in order to come to a complete stop.
Abstract: It is known that for a large magnitude push a human or a humanoid robot must take a step to avoid a fall. Despite some scattered results, a principled approach towards "when and where to take a step" has not yet emerged. Towards this goal, we present methods for computing capture points and the capture region, the region on the ground where a humanoid must step to in order to come to a complete stop. The intersection between the capture region and the base of support determines which strategy the robot should adopt to successfully stop in a given situation. Computing the capture region for a humanoid, in general, is very difficult. However, with simple models of walking, computation of the capture region is simplified. We extend the well-known linear inverted pendulum model to include a flywheel body and show how to compute exact solutions of the capture region for this model. Adding rotational inertia enables the humanoid to control its centroidal angular momentum, much like the way human beings do, significantly enlarging the capture region. We present simulations of a simple planar biped that can recover balance after a push by stepping to the capture region and using internal angular momentum. Ongoing work involves applying the solution from the simple model as an approximate solution to more complex simulations of bipedal walking, including a 3D biped with distributed mass.
1,049 citations
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29 Oct 2001
TL;DR: Geometric nature of trajectories under the 3D-LIPM and a method for walking pattern generation are discussed, and a simulation result of a walking control using a 12-DOF biped robot model is shown.
Abstract: For 3D walking control of a biped robot we analyze the dynamics of a 3D inverted pendulum in which motion is constrained to move along an arbitrarily defined plane. This analysis yields a simple linear dynamics, the 3D linear inverted pendulum mode (3D-LIPM). Geometric nature of trajectories under the 3D-LIPM and a method for walking pattern generation are discussed. A simulation result of a walking control using a 12-DOF biped robot model is also shown.
1,033 citations