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Siddharth Narayan

Bio: Siddharth Narayan is an academic researcher from East Carolina University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Flood myth & Coastal flood. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 29 publications receiving 1031 citations. Previous affiliations of Siddharth Narayan include University of California, Santa Cruz & University of Southampton.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
02 May 2016-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: The comparison of costs of nature-based defence projects and engineering structures show that salt-marshes and mangroves can be two to five times cheaper than a submerged breakwater for wave heights up to half a metre and, within their limits, become more cost effective at greater depths.
Abstract: There is great interest in the restoration and conservation of coastal habitats for protection from flooding and erosion. This is evidenced by the growing number of analyses and reviews of the effectiveness of habitats as natural defences and increasing funding world-wide for nature-based defences-i.e. restoration projects aimed at coastal protection; yet, there is no synthetic information on what kinds of projects are effective and cost effective for this purpose. This paper addresses two issues critical for designing restoration projects for coastal protection: (i) a synthesis of the costs and benefits of projects designed for coastal protection (nature-based defences) and (ii) analyses of the effectiveness of coastal habitats (natural defences) in reducing wave heights and the biophysical parameters that influence this effectiveness. We (i) analyse data from sixty-nine field measurements in coastal habitats globally and examine measures of effectiveness of mangroves, salt-marshes, coral reefs and seagrass/kelp beds for wave height reduction; (ii) synthesise the costs and coastal protection benefits of fifty-two nature-based defence projects and; (iii) estimate the benefits of each restoration project by combining information on restoration costs with data from nearby field measurements. The analyses of field measurements show that coastal habitats have significant potential for reducing wave heights that varies by habitat and site. In general, coral reefs and salt-marshes have the highest overall potential. Habitat effectiveness is influenced by: a) the ratios of wave height-to-water depth and habitat width-to-wavelength in coral reefs; and b) the ratio of vegetation height-to-water depth in salt-marshes. The comparison of costs of nature-based defence projects and engineering structures show that salt-marshes and mangroves can be two to five times cheaper than a submerged breakwater for wave heights up to half a metre and, within their limits, become more cost effective at greater depths. Nature-based defence projects also report benefits ranging from reductions in storm damage to reductions in coastal structure costs.

392 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study uses high-resolution flood and loss models to quantify the impacts of coastal wetlands in the northeastern USA on regional flood damages by Hurricane Sandy and local annual flood losses in Barnegat Bay in Ocean County, New Jersey.
Abstract: As exposure to coastal hazards increases there is growing interest in nature-based solutions for risk reduction. This study uses high-resolution flood and loss models to quantify the impacts of coastal wetlands in the northeastern USA on (i) regional flood damages by Hurricane Sandy and (ii) local annual flood losses in Barnegat Bay in Ocean County, New Jersey. Using an extensive database of property exposure, the regional study shows that wetlands avoided $625 Million in direct flood damages during Hurricane Sandy. The local study combines these models with a database of synthetic storms in Ocean County and estimates a 16% average reduction in annual flood losses by salt marshes with higher reductions at lower elevations. Together, the studies quantify the risk reduction ecosystem services of marsh wetlands. Measuring these benefits in collaboration with the risk modelling industry is crucial for assessing risk accurately and, where appropriate, aligning conservation and risk reduction goals.

235 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the wave dissipation over a vegetation field by the implementation of the Mendez and Losada formulation in a full spectrum model SWAN, with an extension to include a vertical layer schematization for the vegetation.

223 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The value of mangroves as natural coastal defenses at global, national and local scales can inform incentives for mangrove conservation and restoration in development, climate adaptation, disaster risk reduction and insurance.
Abstract: Coastal flood risks are rising rapidly. We provide high resolution estimates of the economic value of mangroves forests for flood risk reduction every 20 km worldwide. We develop a probabilistic, process-based valuation of the effects of mangroves on averting damages to people and property. We couple spatially-explicit 2-D hydrodynamic analyses with economic models, and find that mangroves provide flood protection benefits exceeding $US 65 billion per year. If mangroves were lost, 15 million more people would be flooded annually across the world. Some of the nations that receive the greatest economic benefits include the USA, China, India and Mexico. Vietnam, India and Bangladesh receive the greatest benefits in terms of people protected. Many (>45) 20-km coastal stretches particularly those near cities receive more than $US 250 million annually in flood protection benefits from mangroves. These results demonstrate the value of mangroves as natural coastal defenses at global, national and local scales, which can inform incentives for mangrove conservation and restoration in development, climate adaptation, disaster risk reduction and insurance.

176 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Feb 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider an emerging group of coastal management approaches that offer the potential to reduce coastal flood and erosion risks while also providing nature conservation, aesthetic and amenity benefits.
Abstract: This paper considers an emerging group of coastal management approaches that offer the potential to reduce coastal flood and erosion risks while also providing nature conservation, aesthetic and amenity benefits. These solutions mimic the characteristics of natural features, but are enhanced or created by man to provide specific services such as wave energy dissipation and erosion reduction. Such approaches can include beaches, dunes, saltmarshes, mangroves, sea grasses, coral and oyster reefs. The paper describes a number of innovative projects and the lessons learned in their development and implementation. These lessons include the planning, design and construction of projects, their development following implementation, the engagement of local communities and the cost-effectiveness of solutions.

76 citations


Cited by
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Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Daniela Jacob, Marco Bindi, Sally Brown, I. A. Camilloni, Arona Diedhiou, Riyanti Djalante, Kristie L. Ebi1, Francois Engelbrecht1, Joel Guiot, Yasuaki Hijioka, S. Mehrotra, Antony J. Payne2, Sonia I. Seneviratne3, Adelle Thomas3, Rachel Warren4, G. Zhou4, Sharina Abdul Halim, Michelle Achlatis, Lisa V. Alexander, Myles R. Allen, Peter Berry, Christopher Boyer, Edward Byers, Lorenzo Brilli, Marcos Silveira Buckeridge, William W. L. Cheung, Marlies Craig, Neville Ellis, Jason P. Evans, Hubertus Fischer, Klaus Fraedrich, Sabine Fuss, Anjani Ganase, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Peter Greve, Tania Guillén Bolaños, Naota Hanasaki, Tomoko Hasegawa, Katie Hayes, Annette L. Hirsch, Chris D. Jones, Thomas Jung, Markku Kanninen, Gerhard Krinner, David M. Lawrence, Timothy M. Lenton, Debora Ley, Diana Liverman, Natalie M. Mahowald, Kathleen L. McInnes, Katrin J. Meissner, Richard J. Millar, Katja Mintenbeck, Daniel M. Mitchell, Alan C. Mix, Dirk Notz, Leonard Nurse, Andrew Emmanuel Okem, Lennart Olsson, Michael Oppenheimer, Shlomit Paz, Juliane Petersen, Jan Petzold, Swantje Preuschmann, Mohammad Feisal Rahman, Joeri Rogelj, Hanna Scheuffele, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Daniel Scott, Roland Séférian, Jana Sillmann, Chandni Singh, Raphael Slade, Kimberly Stephenson, Tannecia S. Stephenson, Mouhamadou Bamba Sylla, Mark Tebboth, Petra Tschakert, Robert Vautard, Richard Wartenburger, Michael Wehner, Nora Marie Weyer, Felicia S. Whyte, Gary W. Yohe, Xuebin Zhang, Robert B. Zougmoré 
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of women's sportswriters in South Africa and Ivory Coast, including: Marco Bindi (Italy), Sally Brown (UK), Ines Camilloni (Argentina), Arona Diedhiou (Ivory Coast/Senegal), Riyanti Djalante (Japan/Indonesia), Kristie L. Ebi (USA), Francois Engelbrecht (South Africa), Joel Guiot (France), Yasuaki Hijioka (Japan), Shagun Mehrotra (USA/India), Ant
Abstract: Lead Authors: Marco Bindi (Italy), Sally Brown (UK), Ines Camilloni (Argentina), Arona Diedhiou (Ivory Coast/Senegal), Riyanti Djalante (Japan/Indonesia), Kristie L. Ebi (USA), Francois Engelbrecht (South Africa), Joel Guiot (France), Yasuaki Hijioka (Japan), Shagun Mehrotra (USA/India), Antony Payne (UK), Sonia I. Seneviratne (Switzerland), Adelle Thomas (Bahamas), Rachel Warren (UK), Guangsheng Zhou (China)

614 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors show that the annual damages from flooding would double globally without reefs and they quantify where reefs provide the most protection to people and property.
Abstract: Coral reefs can provide significant coastal protection benefits to people and property. Here we show that the annual expected damages from flooding would double, and costs from frequent storms would triple without reefs. For 100-year storm events, flood damages would increase by 91% to $US 272 billion without reefs. The countries with the most to gain from reef management are Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Mexico, and Cuba; annual expected flood savings exceed $400 M for each of these nations. Sea-level rise will increase flood risk, but substantial impacts could happen from reef loss alone without better near-term management. We provide a global, process-based valuation of an ecosystem service across an entire marine biome at (sub)national levels. These spatially explicit benefits inform critical risk and environmental management decisions, and the expected benefits can be directly considered by governments (e.g., national accounts, recovery plans) and businesses (e.g., insurance). Coral reefs provide significant coastal protection from storms but they have experienced significant losses. Here the authors show that the annual damages from flooding would double globally without reefs and they quantify where reefs provide the most protection to people and property.

586 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rise of NbS in climate policy is highlighted—focusing on their potential for climate change adaptation as well as mitigation—and barriers to their evidence-based implementation are discussed, highlighting avenues for further research.
Abstract: There is growing awareness that ‘nature-based solutions' (NbS) can help to protect us from climate change impacts while slowing further warming, supporting biodiversity and securing ecosystem servi...

533 citations

14 Jun 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, Abd Elgawad et al. discuss the sea level rise and its implications for low lying islands, coastlines and communities in the Middle East and Asia.
Abstract: Do Not Cite, Quote or Distribute 4-1 Total pages: 139 1 Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities 2 3 Coordinating Lead Authors: Michael Oppenheimer (USA), Bruce Glavovic (New Zealand), Tuhin Ghosh 4 (India) 5 6 Lead Authors: Amro Abd-Elgawad (Egypt), Rongshuo Cai (China), Miguel Cifuentes-Jara (Costa Rica), 7 Rob Deconto (USA), John Hay (Cook Islands), Jochen Hinkel (Germany), Federico Isla (Argentina), 8 Alexandre K. Magnan (France), Ben Marzeion (Germany), Benoit Meyssignac (France), Zita Sebesvari 9 (Hungary), AJ Smit (South Africa), Roderik van de Wal (Netherlands) 10 11 Contributing Authors: Maya Buchanan (USA), Gonéri Le Cozannet (France), Catia Domingues 12 (Australia), Virginie Duvat (France), Tamsin Edwards (UK), Miguel D. Fortes (Philippines), Thomas 13 Frederikse (Netherlands), Jean-Pierre Gattuso (France), Robert Kopp (USA), Erwin Lambert (Netherlands), 14 Elizabeth McLeod (USA), Mark Merrifield (USA), Siddharth Narayan (US), Robert J. Nicholls (UK), 15 Fabrice Renaud (UK), Jonathan Simm (UK), Jon Woodruff (USA), Poh Poh Wong (Singapore), Siyuan Xian 16 (USA) 17 18 Review Editors: Ayako Abe-Ouchi (Japan), Kapil Gupta (India), Joy Pereira (Malaysia) 19 20 Chapter Scientist Maya Buchanan (USA) 21 22 Date of Draft: 20 April 2018 23 24 Notes: TSU Compiled Version 25 26

529 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that there is strong evidence for improved affect as well as on heat reduction from urban natural environments, and guidelines on how public health and well-being could be integrated into implementation of NBS for resilient and liveable urban landscapes and health in a changing climate are provided.

461 citations