How has Japan become a major economic power, a world leader in the automotive and electronics industries? What is the secret of their success? The consensus has been that, though the Japanese are not particularly innovative, they are exceptionally skilful at imitation, at improving products that already exist. But now two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hiro Takeuchi, turn this conventional wisdom on its head: Japanese firms are successful, they contend, precisely because they are innovative, because they create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. Examining case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, 3M, GE, and the U.S. Marines, this book reveals how Japanese companies translate tacit to explicit knowledge and use it to produce new processes, products, and services.

The knowledge-creating company : how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation

Microsoft has promoted ASP.NET’s new web services more than almost any other part of the.NET Framework. But despite their efforts, confusion is still widespread about what a web service is and, more importantly, what it’s meant to accomplish. This chapter introduces web services and explains their role in Microsoft’s vision of the programmable web. Along the way, you’ll learn about the open standards plumbing that allows web services to work and removes some of the confusion surrounding technical terms like WSDL (Web Service Description Language), SOAP, and UDDI (universal description, discovery, and integration).

Web Services Architecture

Ontologies play a key role in the advent of the Semantic Web. An important problem when dealing with ontologies is the modification of an existing ontology in response to a certain need for change. This problem is a complex and multifaceted one, because it can take several different forms and includes several related subproblems, like heterogeneity resolution or keeping track of ontology versions. As a result, it is being addressed by several different, but closely related and often overlapping research disciplines. Unfortunately, the boundaries of each such discipline are not clear, as the same term is often used with different meanings in the relevant literature, creating a certain amount of confusion. The purpose of this paper is to identify the exact relationships between these research areas and to determine the boundaries of each field, by performing a broad review of the relevant literature.

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Ontology change: Classification and survey

The letter and/or sound combinations that make up a human language are limited by the human's ability to pronounce tnese sounds° Therefore, the standard library search, which as a rule looks for all possible combinations of letters to find a word, is wasteful. Certain letters simply cannot be followed by certain other letters and a search for them is senseless. Following this same line of reasoning, letters very frequently occur in the combinations that are germane to the particular language. The growing amount of alphanumeric information presently being stored on magnetic tape presents increasingly difficult problems in both the number of tape reels used and the time necessary to search this mass of information in order to extract pertinent literature. At the present time most of this literature on tape utilizes the standard IBM 6-bit code to express alphanumeric symbols. ~t is entirely feasible to record standard English literature on tape -be it professional abstracts or novels -using only approximately two-thirds of the binary bits utilized to represent the same piece of written material in the conventional code. This can be accomplished by setting up, in a 9-bit code, the 400-odd letter combinations occurring most frequently. A 9-bit representation allows the programmer to set up as many as 512 symbols, thus leaving sufficient leeway to assign symbols to the most frequentlyused words, mathematical symbols, professional expressions, that are expected to be encountered in the literature to be recorded. In addition, these relatively short 9-bit symbols can be assigned to all key words that it may be necessary to look for later, thereby accelerating any future library search.

Information storage and retrieval

Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices

The timetabling problem consists of a set of subjects to be scheduled in different timeslots, a set of rooms in which the subjects can take place, a set of students who attend the subjects, and a set of subjects satisfied by rooms and required by timeslots. The heart of the problem is the constraints that exist as regulations within each resource and between resources. There are various solution approaches to solve the timetabling problem. This paper focuses on developing a constraint satisfaction problem model for a university timetabling problem. A solution of a constraint satisfaction problem is a consistent assignment of all variables to values in such a way that all constraints are satisfied. A sample case study problem is investigated and a constraint satisfaction programming approach is implemented using ILOG scheduler and ILOG solver. We use various goals in ILOG to investigate the performance of the CSP approach

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Constructing university timetable using constraint satisfaction programming approach

Embedding learning capability in Lagrangean relaxation: An application to the travelling salesman problem

E-services are the provision of services over the Internet. Customer experience management (CEM) is a vital part for e-services and Web services. This chapter will examine CEM in e-services by providing a unified architecture (SSES) and an intelligent system architecture (MEMES) as well as a cybernetic model for B2B e-services. The SSES unifies e- services, Web services and infrastructure services into a hierarchical framework. The MEMES is a high level system model for implementing multiagent CEM system for e-services. Both architectures tie together methodologies, techniques, and applications into a unified framework cybernetic model provides a new insight into B2B e-services with feedback from e-service customers. The chapter also explores case-based e-service recommendation. It is argued that the proposed approach will facilitate the development of CEM, e-business and e-service.

Customer experience management in E-services

Information technology has changed the way organizations function. This has resulted in reliance of help desks to support users in dealing with a wide range of information technology-related proble...

Information Technology Help Desk Survey: To Identify the Classification of Simple and Routine Enquiries

One of the problems identified in the development of ontology is the difficulty in maintaining ontology that often faces on issues of changes in knowledge or perception about things within the community of practice. When new information is added, consistency needs to be maintained to ensure it does not cause inconsistency within existing concepts in ontology. This paper discusses the feasibility of using the concept of belief revision as a basis for ontology revision. It is an effort to the use of expansion, revision and contraction operators of belief revision to revise ontology.

Sim Kim Lau

Papers

Constructing university timetable using constraint satisfaction programming approach

Embedding learning capability in Lagrangean relaxation: An application to the travelling salesman problem

Customer experience management in E-services

Information Technology Help Desk Survey: To Identify the Classification of Simple and Routine Enquiries

Ontology Revision Using the Concept of Belief Revision