There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Time-Frequency Analysis.

Condition monitoring of induction motors is a fast emerging technology for online detection of incipient faults. It avoids unexpected failure of a critical system. Approximately 30-40% of faults of induction motors are stator faults. This work presents a comprehensive review of various stator faults, their causes, detection parameters/techniques, and latest trends in the condition monitoring technology. It is aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of stator fault monitoring to researchers and application engineers using induction motors. A list of 183 research publications on the subject is appended for quick reference.

A review of stator fault monitoring techniques of induction motors

Rolling friction as a technique for modelling particle shape in DEM

Fault diagnosis is useful in helping technicians detect, isolate, and identify faults, and troubleshoot. Bayesian network (BN) is a probabilistic graphical model that effectively deals with various uncertainty problems. This model is increasingly utilized in fault diagnosis. This paper presents bibliographical review on use of BNs in fault diagnosis in the last decades with focus on engineering systems. This work also presents general procedure of fault diagnosis modeling with BNs; processes include BN structure modeling, BN parameter modeling, BN inference, fault identification, validation, and verification. The paper provides series of classification schemes for BNs for fault diagnosis, BNs combined with other techniques, and domain of fault diagnosis with BN. This study finally explores current gaps and challenges and several directions for future research.

Bayesian Networks in Fault Diagnosis

Introduction Simon Iwnicki Aims Introduction to the Aims of Handook Structure of the Handbook A History of Railway Vehicle Dynamics Alan Wickens Introduction Coning and the Kinematic Oscillation Concepts of Curving Hunting and the Empirical Development of the Bogie Interaction between Vehicle and Track Innovations for Improved Steering Carter Wheel-Rail Geometry Matsudaira The ORE Competition Creep The Complete Solution of the Hunting Problem Modern Research on Curving Dynamic Response to Track Geometry Suspension Design Concepts and Optimisation Derailment The Development of Computer Simulation Active Suspensions The Expanding Domain of Rail Vehicle Dynamics References The Anatomy of Railway Vehicle Running Gear Anna Orlova and Yuri Boronenko Main Functions of the Running Gear and Terminology Bogie Components Common Passenger Vehicle Bogie Designs Common Freight Wagon Bogie Designs Common Tram Bogie Designs Principles of Selecting Suspension Parameters Advanced Bogie Designs References Wheel-Rail Contact Jean Bernard Ayasse and Hugues Chollet Introduction The Normal Contact The Tangent Problem Contact Forces in the Railway Context Appendix 4.1: Kinematic Movement: The Klingel Formula Appendix 4.2: Kinematic Hunting and Equivalent Conicity Appendix 4.3: The Circle Theory Appendix 4.4: Analysis of Y/Q and Nadal's Criteria Nomenclature References Tribology of the Wheel-Rail Contact Ulf Olofsson and Roger Lewis Introduction Contact Conditions at the Wheel-Rail Contact Wear and Other Surface Damage Mechanisms Friction Lubrication and Surface Coatings Acknowledgments References Track Issues Tore Dahlberg The Railway Track as a Dynamic System Function of the Track Dynamic Properties of the Track Dynamic Properties of Track Components Summary Acknowledgements References Gauging Issues David M. Johnson Philosophy and History of Gauging Components of Gauging Interaction between Gauging Components References Railway Vehicle Derailment and Prevention Huimin Wu and Nicholas Wilson Introduction History and Statistics Railway Vehicle Derailment Mechanisms and Safety Criteria Prediction of Derailment Prevention of Derailment References Longitudinal Train Dynamics Colin Cole Introduction Modelling Longitudinal Train Dynamics Interaction of Longitudinal Train and Lateral/Vertical Wagon Dynamics Longitudinal Train Crashworthiness Longitudinal Comfort Train Management and Driving Practices Conclusions Acknowledgments Nomenclature References Noise and Vibration from Railway Vehicles David Thompson and Chris Jones Introduction Rolling Noise Reducing Rolling Noise Impact Noise Curve Squeal Other Sources of Noise Vehicle Interior Noise Ground-Borne Vibration and Noise Vibration Comfort on Trains References Active Suspensions R.M. Goodall and T.X. Mei Introduction Basics of Active Suspensions Tilting Trains Active Secondary Suspensions Active Primary Suspensions Technology The Long Term Trends Nomenclature References Simulation Oldrich Polach, Mats Berg, and Simon Iwnicki Introduction Modelling Vehicle-Track Interaction Simulation Methods Computer Simulation Dynamics in Railway Vehicle Engineering Conclusions Acknowledgments Nomenclature References Field Testing and Instrumentation of Railway Vehicles Julian Stow and Evert Andersson Introduction Common Transducers Test Equipment Configuration and Environment Data Acquisition Measurement of Wheel and Rail Profiles Track Geometry Recording Examples of Vehicle Laboratory and Field Tests References Roller Rigs Weihua Zhang, Huanyun Dai, Zhiyun Shen, and Jing Zeng Introduction The History of Roller Rigs The Test Technique and Classification of Roller Rigs Examples of Roller Rigs Operation and Results Conclusions References Scale Testing P.D. Allen Introduction A Brief History of Scaled Roller Rigs Survey of Current Scaled Roller Rigs Roller Rigs: The Scaling Problem Scaling Errors Conclusions Acknowledgements References Index

Handbook of railway vehicle dynamics

This volume contains the results of the Manchester Benchmarking exercise for railway vehicle dynamics simulation packages. Five of the main computer packages currently used for this purpose were examined in the exercise and the results are presented in the form of tables and graphs.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00423119808969454

The Manchester Benchmarks for Rail Vehicle Simulation

Roller rigs have been built world-wide to research into the dynamics of railway vehicles and they have particularly been applied to the development of high-speed trains. This survey takes into consideration both full scale as well as small scale model roller rigs. Besides performance, most important experimental work and the emphasis of application, the scaling strategies of model test rigs and the differences involved in roller rig experiments are treated. Suggestions for potential future uses and developments are also given for this tool which is useful for demonstration and analysis of railway vehicle dynamic behaviour.

The Application of Roller Rigs to Railway Vehicle Dynamics

Application of power spectrum, cepstrum, higher order spectrum and neural network analyses for induction motor fault diagnosis

This paper summarizes the forces that develop in the contact patch between the wheel and rail in a railway vehicle. The ways that these forces govern the behaviour of a vehicle running on straight and curved track are explained and the methods commonly used to calculate and utilize the forces summarized. As an illustration, the results from a computer simulation of a typical UK passenger train are presented and certain aspects examined.

Simon Iwnicki

Papers

Handbook of railway vehicle dynamics

The Manchester Benchmarks for Rail Vehicle Simulation

The Application of Roller Rigs to Railway Vehicle Dynamics

Application of power spectrum, cepstrum, higher order spectrum and neural network analyses for induction motor fault diagnosis

Simulation of wheel–rail contact forces