Author
Simona Malace
Bio: Simona Malace is an academic researcher from Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The author has contributed to research in topics: EMC effect & Scattering. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 4 publications receiving 172 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the EMC effect has been studied in deep inelastic scattering kinematics and the current status of the theoretical understanding of this thirty-year old effect is discussed.
Abstract: Since the discovery that the ratio of inclusive charged lepton (per-nucleon) cross-sections from a nucleus A to the deuteron is not unity — even in deep inelastic scattering kinematics — a great deal of experimental and theoretical effort has gone into understanding the phenomenon. The EMC effect, as it is now known, shows that even in the most extreme kinematic conditions the effects of the nucleon being bound in a nucleus cannot be ignored. In this paper, we collect the most precise data available for various nuclear to deuteron ratios, as well as provide a commentary on the current status of the theoretical understanding of this thirty year old effect.
109 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the EMC effect has been studied in deep inelastic scattering kinematics and the current status of the theoretical understanding of this thirty year old effect is discussed.
Abstract: Since the discovery that the ratio of inclusive charged lepton (per-nucleon) cross sections from a nucleus A to the deuteron is not unity - even in deep inelastic scattering kinematics - a great deal of experimental and theoretical effort has gone into understanding the phenomenon. The EMC effect, as it is now known, shows that even in the most extreme kinematic conditions the effects of the nucleon being bound in a nucleus can not be ignored. In this paper we collect the most precise data available for various nuclear to deuteron ratios, as well as provide a commentary on the current status of the theoretical understanding of this thirty year old effect.
78 citations
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Idaho State University1, Texas A&M University2, University of Zagreb3, California State University, Los Angeles4, College of William & Mary5, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility6, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare7, Louisiana Tech University8, Mississippi State University9, University of Manitoba10, University of Virginia11, State University of New York System12, Carnegie Mellon University13, University of Connecticut14, Hampton University15, Old Dominion University16, Temple University17, Indiana University18, University of Massachusetts Amherst19, Ohio University20, Syracuse University21, Duquesne University22, University of Winnipeg23, Virginia Tech24, Argonne National Laboratory25, Yerevan Physics Institute26, University of Mainz27
TL;DR: In this article, the beam normal single spin asymmetries (A_n) were determined for elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18~GeV electrons off $ 12,C, $ 40,Ca, $ 48,Ca and $ 208,Pb at forward angles.
Abstract: We report precision determinations of the beam normal single spin asymmetries ($A_n$) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18~GeV electrons off $^{12}$C, $^{40}$Ca, $^{48}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb at forward angles. The first measurements of $A_n$ for $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca are found to be similar to that of $^{12}$C, consistent with expectations. We also report $A_n$ for $^{208}$Pb at two new momentum transfers (Q$^2$) extending the previous measurement. Our new data confirm the surprising result previously reported, with all three data points showing significant disagreement with the results from the $Z\leq 20$ nuclei. These data confirm our basic understanding of the underlying dynamics that govern $A_n$ for nuclei containing $\lesssim 50$ nucleons, but point to the need for further investigation to understand the unusual $A_n$ behaviour discovered for scattering off $^{208}$Pb.
6 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a global analysis of all available electron-deuteron quasielastic scattering data using Q^2-dependent smearing functions that describe inclusive inelastic e-d scattering within the weak binding approximation is performed.
Abstract: We perform a global analysis of all available electron-deuteron quasielastic scattering data using Q^2-dependent smearing functions that describe inclusive inelastic e-d scattering within the weak binding approximation. We study the dependence of the cross sections on the deuteron wave function and the off-shell extrapolation of the elastic electron-nucleon cross section, which show particular sensitivity at x >> 1. The excellent overall agreement with data over a large range of Q^2 and x suggest a limited need for effects beyond the impulse approximation, with the exception of the very high-x or very low-Q^2 regions, where short-distance effects in the deuteron become more relevant.
5 citations
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TL;DR: The nCTEQ15 set of nuclear parton distribution functions with uncertainties is presented in this article, where the uncertainties are determined using the Hessian method with an optimal rescaling of the eigenvectors to accurately represent the uncertainties for the chosen tolerance criteria.
Abstract: We present the new nCTEQ15 set of nuclear parton distribution functions with uncertainties. This fit extends the CTEQ proton PDFs to include the nuclear dependence using data on nuclei all the way up to 208^Pb. The uncertainties are determined using the Hessian method with an optimal rescaling of the eigenvectors to accurately represent the uncertainties for the chosen tolerance criteria. In addition to the Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) and Drell-Yan (DY) processes, we also include inclusive pion production data from RHIC to help constrain the nuclear gluon PDF. Furthermore, we investigate the correlation of the data sets with specific nPDF flavor components, and asses the impact of individual experiments. We also provide comparisons of the nCTEQ15 set with recent fits from other groups.
429 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the EMC effect for valence quarks, a reduction in the Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) cross-section ratios for nuclei relative to deuterium, and its possible connection to nucleon-nucleon Short-Range Correlations (SRC) in nuclei are discussed.
Abstract: This article reviews our current understanding of how the internal quark structure of a nucleon bound in nuclei differs from that of a free nucleon. We focus on the interpretation of measurements of the EMC effect for valence quarks, a reduction in the Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) cross-section ratios for nuclei relative to deuterium, and its possible connection to nucleon-nucleon Short-Range Correlations (SRC) in nuclei. Our review and new analysis (involving the amplitudes of non-nucleonic configurations in the nucleus) of the available experimental and theoretical evidence shows that there is a phenomenological relation between the EMC effect and the effects of SRC that is not an accident. The influence of strongly correlated neutron-proton pairs involving highly virtual nucleons is responsible for both effects. These correlated pairs are temporary high-density fluctuations in the nucleus in which the internal structure of the nucleons is briefly modified. This conclusion needs to be solidified by the future experiments and improved theoretical analyses that are discussed herein.
260 citations
23 Jul 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, the Drell-Yan cross section ratios, s(p+d)/s(p + p+p) for the proton over the range 0.02 < x < 0.345, and the relationship between the E866 results and the NMC measurements of the Gottfried integral is discussed.
Abstract: The Drell-Yan cross section ratios, s(p+d)/s(p+p), measured in Fermilab E866, have led to the first determination of d(x)/u(x), d(x)-(x), and the integral of d(x)-u(x) for the proton over the range 0.02 < x < 0.345. The E866 results are compared with predictions based on parton distribution functions and various theoretical models. The relationship between the E866 results and the NMC measurements of the Gottfried integral is discussed. The agreement between the E866 results and models employing virtual mesons indicates these non-perturbative processes play an important role in the origin of the d, u asymmetry in the nucleon sea.
130 citations
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TL;DR: The nuclear modification factor R_{pPb), quantifying the D-meson yield in p-Pb collisions relative to the yield in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, is compatible within the 15%-20% uncertainties with unity in the transverse momentum interval 1
Abstract: The p_{T}-differential production cross sections of the prompt charmed mesons D^{0}, D^{+}, D^{*+}, and D_{s}^{+} and their charge conjugate in the rapidity interval -0.96
129 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental and theoretical status of open heavy-flavor (HF) production in high-energy nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC is reviewed, including perturbative and non-perturbative approaches in the quark-gluon plasma, effective models in hadronic matter, as well as implementations of heavy-quark hadronization.
Abstract: We review the experimental and theoretical status of open heavy-flavor (HF) production in high-energy nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC. We first overview the theoretical concepts and pertinent calculations of HF transport in QCD matter, including perturbative and non-perturbative approaches in the quark-gluon plasma, effective models in hadronic matter, as well as implementations of heavy-quark (HQ) hadronization. This is followed by a brief discussion of bulk evolution models for heavy-ion collisions and initial conditions for the HQ distributions which are needed to calculate HF spectra in comparison to observables. We then turn to a discussion of experimental data that have been collected to date at RHIC and LHC, specifically for the nuclear suppression factor and elliptic flow of semileptonic HF decays, D mesons, non-prompt $J/\psi$ from B-meson decays, and b-jets. Model comparisons to HF data are conducted with regards to extracting the magnitude, temperature and momentum-dependence of HF transport coefficients from experiment.
118 citations