１ Ｂａｓｉｃ ｎｅｐｈｒｏｌｏｇｙ（生理；免疫・病理；分子生物学；検査・診断） ２ Ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌ ｎｅｐｈｒｏｌｏｇｙ（糸球体障害；尿細管・間質障害；全身性疾患と腎障害；水電解質異常；腎不全）

Annual review 腎臓

Physiological aspects of rootstock-scion interactions

Role of grafting in vegetable crops grown under saline conditions

Salinity-induced changes in phenolic compounds in leaves and roots of four olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) and their relationship to antioxidant activity

Improving the fruit yield and quality of cucumber by grafting onto the salt tolerant rootstock under NaCl stress.

Watermelon is a crop with a high water demand and is frequently grown under conditions of higher than normal root-zone salinity. In the present study, seedlings of watermelon (cv. Fantasy, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai) were grown either ungrafted or grafted on three rootstocks: Strong Tosa, S1 (both Cucurbita maxima×Cucurbita moschata), or Emphasis (Lagenaria siceraria). All the plants were exposed to an NaCl-induced salinity stress (electrical conductivity, EC=2·2, 4·0, or 6·0 dS/m). The vegetative growth of all the plants substantially reduced after 2 weeks of exposure to 6·0 dS/m; however, growth of the plants grafted on Strong Tosa reduced less than that of the others. The leaf water content and specific leaf area (SLA, m2/g) decreased with an increasing salinity in grafted plants, but not in ungrafted plants. Salinity induced an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in grafted plants up to two-fold depending on the rootstock, whereas it had no effect on this enzyme activity in ungrafted plants. Leaf Na+ concentration increased with increasing salinity in ungrafted and S1 grafted plants, whereas there was no significant leaf Na+ accumulation in Emphasis and Strong Tosa grafted plants. Leaf K+ concentration was affected by the rootstock but not by salinity, thus, the ability to keep a high K+/Na+ ratio was achieved mainly by limiting leaf Na+ concentration. The rootstock determined the leaf Cl− accumulation, with lower overall concentrations found if plants were grafted on the S1 rootstock than on Emphasis or ungrafted plants. Salinity significantly decreased the leaf NO3− concentration on Emphasis grafted plants only, while the NO3−/Cl− ratio was reduced in all the rootstocks. The capacity of Strong Tosa to withstand salt stress better than other tested rootstocks was probably due to the ability to induce anatomical adaptation (SLA) and SOD activity in response to salt stress, and also to the efficiency of Na+ exclusion from the shoot.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0021859608007855

Vegetative growth, superoxide dismutase activity and ion concentration of salt-stressed watermelon as influenced by rootstock

Olive trees (Olea europaea L.) are considered moderately tolerant to salinity, with clear differences found among cultivars. One-year-old self-rooted olive plants of the Croatian cv. Oblica and Italian cv. Leccino were grown for 90 d in nutrient solutions containing 0, 66, or 166 mM NaCl, respectively. The shoot length and the number of nodes and leaves for both cultivars were not affected by salinity up to 66 mM NaCl. However, at 166 mM NaCl, growth of Leccino was reduced earlier and to a higher extent than growth of Oblica. After 10 d of exposure to 66 and 166 mM NaCl, increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed in Leccino, whereas there was almost no response in Oblica. Reduced SOD activity in Leccino at 166 mM NaCl was observed after prolonged stress (90 d), whereas in Oblica SOD was increased at 66 mM compared to control or 166 mM NaCl. Electrolyte and K+ leakage were increased and relative water content decreased as NaCl concentration increased with similar intensity of response measured in both cultivars. Oblica exhibited an ability to keep a higher K+ : Na+ ratio at all salinity levels compared to Leccino, but since no difference was found in leaf K+ concentration, this was mainly achieved by less Na+ ions reaching the younger leaves. The antioxidative system represents a component of the complex olive salt-tolerance mechanism, and it seems that the role of SOD in protection from oxidative stress depends on sodium accumulation in leaves.

Salinity-induced changes in growth, superoxide dismutase activity, and ion content of two olive cultivars

The effect of transplant age and type, on the growth and yield of the seed-propagated globe artichoke cv. Talpiot, was studied over three years in two experiments in Dalmatia. In the experiment where the transplant age was studied, transplants were 81, 68 and 51 days old, and all were grown in 200 cm3 pots. In the other experiment where the transplant types were tested, treatments included bare root plants and transplants grown in 200 cm3 and 300 cm3 pots, all sown on August 1. In both experiments planting was performed on September 20. Three months after planting, plants developed from 81-day old transplants were significantly higher and of the larger rosette diameter compared to those developed from 51-day old transplants. Seven months after transplanting, this difference was no longer present. Average yield and head weight were not affected by different transplant age, except in one growing season where plants developed from 68 days old transplants yielded more than transplants developed from 51- day old plants. In the experiment with different transplant types, three months after planting, the smallest plant height and rosette diameter were found with plants grown in 300 cm3 pots. This difference was not present seven months after planting. Average yield and head weight were not affected by transplant type. Spring climatic conditions in different years appeared to have a much greater influence on earliness than transplant age or type. Regardless of the treatments applied within the same year, harvest started quite uniformly and mostly in the period between May 5 and June 1.

Influence of transplant age and type on growth and yield of seed propagated globe artichoke

We conducted research of exposing barley plants to short water stress deficiency through their early growth stage. The measurements and parallel analyses of relative water content (RWC), the mass of the whole plant, leaf mass, root percentage, total root length and length of root fractions with plants exposed to stress (water deficit) and with plants which were not exposed to water deficit have been conducted. Ten varieties were included in this research. The overall average of relative water content (RWC) measured in winter barley varieties 97.5% under non-stressful conditions, and 66.1% under stressful conditions. An average difference between non-stressful and stressful conditions of plant mass was 61.2 mg, leaf mass 42.5 mg, RWC 31.4%, root mass 18.5 mg and total root length 129 cm. Relative losses under effect of water stress were lower at smaller (finer) root fractions. Significant differences among the examined barley varieties cultivated under or without the water stress were found for plant mass, leaf mass, root mass, total root length and root fractions. Varieties with the lowest losses in leaf and plant mass are Titan, Arturio and Bingo. Also, the varieties Titan, Bingo and Rex had the lowest losses of root length and mass during early growth stage.

/pdf/the-effect-of-water-stress-on-some-traits-of-winter-barley-dzdbst49k4.pdf

Slavko Perica

Papers

Vegetative growth, superoxide dismutase activity and ion concentration of salt-stressed watermelon as influenced by rootstock

Salinity-induced changes in growth, superoxide dismutase activity, and ion content of two olive cultivars

Influence of transplant age and type on growth and yield of seed propagated globe artichoke

The effect of water stress on some traits of winter barley cultivars during early stages of plant growth

Determination of the compatibility relationships between olive cultivars: An overview of available methods