Smita Pudale

Bio: Smita Pudale is an academic researcher from Dr. V. M. Government Medical College. The author has contributed to research in topics: Hamartoma & Fibroadenoma. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 5 publications receiving 39 citations.

Histopathological study of endometrium in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding

Abstract: Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the commonest complaints in women and when it occurs without organic lesions like tumor, inflammation, it is called as dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Aim of current study was to find out the histopathological pattern of endometrium in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) also to study organic causes of AUB. Methods: Specimens received as endometrial curettage and hysterectomy specimens were studied followed by correlation of histopathology with age and clinical presentation. Results: The patients were mainly from the age group of 30-49 years (74.24%). The most common menstrual disorder was menorrhagia (46.86%). In dysfunctional uterine bleeding the most common histological pattern of endometrium includes proliferative endometrium (22.8%) followed by endometrial hyperplasia (19.40%), atrophic endometrium (7.16%), secretory endometrium (5.97%), irregular shedding [1.80%], irregular ripening (1.20%) and anovulatory endometrium (0.59%). Organic lesions encountered in AUB cases were leiomyoma (17.92%), endometrial polyp (1.79%), endometrial carcinoma (1.50%), endometriosis (0.59%) and choriocarcinoma (0.29%). Conclusion: It is important to know the histological pattern of the endometrium like proliferative endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia, atrophic endometrium, secretory endometrium, irregular ripening and shredding and organic lesions in patients diagnosed as AUB in different age groups since recognition of these conditions will help and will avoid further complications.

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation: A report of two cases.

Abstract: Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), previously known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is a congenital disorder of the lung similar to bronchopulmonary sequestration. In CPAM, usually an entire lobe of lung is replaced by a non-working cystic piece of abnormal lung tissue. This abnormal tissue will never function as normal lung tissue. The underlying cause for CPAM is not known. It occurs in approximately 1 in every 30000 pregnancies. The association between CPAM and malignancy has been well documented. There is a small risk (0.7%) of malignant transformation within the cyst. So early diagnosis and surgical resection is important to prevent the grave complications. Herein, we are reporting two interesting cases of CPAM and one belonged to Type II and other belonged to Type III of Stocker's classification.

A histopathological study of non-malignant breast lesions -

Abstract: Background: The study was undertaken to know the various histopathological patterns of non-malignant breast lesions and its frequency of occurrence. A wide spectrum of malignant, benign and non-neoplastic diseases can affect the breast. Though, the carcinoma of the breast is fairly common, non-malignant breast lesions constitute a separate group which poses diagnostic difficulty to both clinicians and pathologists as it simulates malignancy clinically, morphologically and microscopically. Methods: The current study was carried out in a tertiary care institute in West Maharashtra, India. Cases included in this study were of non-malignant breast lesions which included excisional and incisional biopsies and lumpectomy specimens from surgical department at tertiary hospital. Results: 540 non-malignant breast lesions were studied out of total 759 breast biopsies, in the period of six years. The incidence of non-malignant breast lesions was found to be 71.15% of all breast lesions. The commonest non-malignant breast lesion was fibroadenoma, seen in 216 (40%) cases; followed by fibrocystic disease, seen in 177 (32.78%) cases. Conclusions: Thus, we came to a conclusion that benign breast lesions are complex of inflammatory lesions, tumour and pseudo tumour like hamartoma. Thus even if they may cause lump or not, the breast lesions remain enigma.

Myocardial and Cerebral Toxoplasmosis with Cerebral Tuberculosis in a patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Autopsy Case Report

Abstract: A B S T R A C T Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection cause by Toxoplasma gondii. This parasite is associated with congenital infection and can cause abortion, encephalitis or systemic infection in immune- compromised patients. In this study, one autopsy case of Myocardial and central nervous system toxoplasmosis with cerebral tuberculosis in immunocompromised patient is reported. 35-year-old female presented with Fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, chest pain, palpitation, fatigue since one weeks. Disseminated toxoplasmosis is a major health problem in immune- compromised patients K e y w o r d s Toxoplasmosis, Immune- Compromise; Brain

Correlative study of fine n cyto logy and histopathology in intraabdominal

Abstract: Introduction: Intra-abdominal masses always remain (FNAC) preferably ultrasonographically guided (USG) of 50 cases of rrelated with histopathology. lumps. Material and Methods: guided FNAC was done in 40 cases. Under light microscopy the lesions were reported, cytohistopathological corr was done in 36 cases. Hematoxylin included. Maximum number of cases14 (28%) were in age group of 51 diagnostic yield was higher in USG guided FNAC. There were 24(48%) suggestive of malignancy,02(4%) nonneoplastic and06(12%) unsatisfactory smear. Hepatocellular carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma were the cytohistopathological correlation was90% as out of 40 cases 36 found various lesions of liver, lymph nodes. We have came across a rare lesion of Gaucher disease (2 cases) diagnosed successfully both by cytology and histopathology. Conclusion:

Study of histopathological patterns of endometrium in abnormal uterine bleeding

Abstract: Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynecological complaint associated with considerable morbidity and significantly affects the patient's family, personal and social life. The aim of the study was to analyze the histomorphological patterns of endometrium in patients presenting with AUB and also to determine the incidence of AUB in various age groups. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study, conducted in the Department of Pathology, in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Mangalore from October 2011 till date. All cases of AUB with a probable endometrial cause were included in the study. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and managed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Analysis was done in the form of percentages and proportions and represented as tables where necessary. Results: A total of 156 cases were analyzed. Patients' age ranged from 23-78 years. AUB was most prevalent in the perimenopausal age group. The most common presenting complaint was menorrhagia (47%). Endometrial hyperplasia was the most common histopathological finding and was seen in 25% patients, followed by secretory endometrium in 16.7% patients, and proliferative phase pattern and disordered proliferative endometrium were seen in 12.2% patients each. Malignancy was detected in 6.4% of cases and endometrial carcinoma was the most common lesion (4.5%). Conclusions: Histopathological evaluation of endometrial samples is especially indicated in women over the age of 35 years to rule out malignancy and preneoplasia. Among the patients with no organic pathology, normal physiological patterns with proliferative, secretory, and menstrual changes were observed. The most common endometrial pathology in this series was endometrial hyperplasia.

Parasitic Infections in the Compromised Host.

Abstract: This is the introductory volume in an annual series on infectious disease and therapy, edited by Brian E. Scully and Harold C. Neu. This first volume addresses diseases caused by the parasitic organisms of major clinical importance in the United States, with an emphasis on infections in immunocompromised hosts. The book does not address the clinical aspects of parasitic infections seen in primary care medicine and therefore does not supplant a standard textbook of clinical parasitology; its intent is neither a broad overview of diseases caused by these parasites in normal hosts, nor the range of parasites which cause infection in immunocompromised hosts. The advantage of this tightly focused objective is the comprehensive discussion of the relatively few but important parasites which cause opportunistic infection in hosts with altered immunity, specifically due to congenital immunodeficiency, immunosuppressive chemotherapy for treatment of neoplasms, immunoregulation for organ transplantation or infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The thirteen chapter authors of this volume are all contributors in their fields of research. The chapters can be divided conceptually into two groups-three chapters which principally address the host and the immune response to parasitic infections, and six chapters which focus on individual organisms. An introductory chapter discusses the spectrum of conditions which compromise the human host, emphasizing distinctions between patient populations and the differential predisposition of different immune defects to different opportunistic infections. The second chapter uses Leishmania as model organism to discuss host defenses against intracellular protozoa but does not specifically address clinical leishmaniasis. A later chapter similarly addresses the host immune response against helminth parasitic infection. The remaining six chapters each discuss a single parasite: the protozoa Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis. These chapters uniformly provide a comprehensive yet coherent perspective on the biology of the parasite, its interaction with the host and the immune system, the clinical manifestation of disease, and the diagnosis and treatment of infection. Each of the sections is thoroughly detailed and complete. The sections on diagnosis and treatment would be of special interest to physicians; current treatment regimens are discussed, as well as promising new modes of therapy. Discussion of parasitic infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is included, but does not dominate the volume. A suitable number of diagrams, figures, and tables accompany each chapter. The photomicrographs, electron micrographs, and illustrations are all high-quality reproductions. Topics are extensively referenced to the current literature, with an average of over 250 references per chapter. Given the aggressive therapies, both recently employed and projected, for immunoregulation in organ transplant recipients and as part of the therapy for other medical illnesses, discussion of opportunistic parasitic infection is timely. This timeliness is

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation.

Abstract: Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a developmental malformation of the lower respiratory tract. We report the case of a male newborn diagnosed with cystic lung disease during prenatal ultrasound. A cesarean section was performed at the 32nd gestational week because of premature rupture of the membranes, and soon after the delivery the newborn developed respiratory failure and died. The aim of this study is to report an autopsy case because of its rarity, and to briefly discuss the CPAM subtypes and differential diagnosis of cystic lung diseases of childhood.

Histopathological spectrum of endometrium in abnormal uterine bleeding

Abstract: Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) interferes with the quality of life of an otherwise healthy woman. Until the pathology underlying menorrhagia is, accurately diagnosed, proper therapy is hardly possible. The objective of the study was to analyze different histopathological patterns of endometrium in AUB and observe the incidence of various pathologies in different age groups and their relation to parity.Methods: This two-year prospective studywas done in the department of pathology in atertiary care centre, which included 250 cases of clinically diagnosed AUB patients were evaluated. Histopathological examination of endometrial biopsies and hysterectomy specimens were done, followed by clinical correlation.Results: Out of 250 cases of AUB, Premenopausal bleeding was seen in 216 cases (86.4%) and 34 cases (13.6%) had postmenopausal bleeding. The commonest finding observed in the study was proliferative phase endometrium (37.2%), followed by secretory endometrium (34%) and endometrial hyperplasia (16%). Disordered proliferative endometrium was seen in 2.4% of patients. Endometrial carcinoma was seen in 4 (1.6%) cases. Endometrial hyperplasia was seen mostly in the age group 41-50 years (27 cases). Two cases of endometrial carcinomas were presented after age 60 years.Conclusions: Our study revealed the highest incidence of AUB in the perimenopausal age group (41-50 years). Hence a thorough histopathological workup and clinical correlation are mandatory in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding.

Histopathological study of endometrium in abnormal uterine bleeding in women of all age groups in western rajasthan (400 cases)

Abstract: This study was conducted in 400 cases of endometrium in women of all age groups. The mean age of women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding was 41 years. normal physiological changes of menstrual cycle, seen as proliferative and secretory phases of endometrium, were the most common histological findings present in 287 cases (71.75%). benign lesions were found in 19% cases followed by precursor lesions in 4.75% cases and malignant lesions in 4.5% cases. Histopathological examination of endometrial biopsy is a major diagnostic tool in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding (abnormal uterine bleeding) and a specific diagnosis could help the gynaecologist to plan therapy for successful management of abnormal uterine bleeding.