Smriti Sharma

Bio: Smriti Sharma is an academic researcher from Newcastle University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Personality & Big Five personality traits. The author has an hindex of 9, co-authored 33 publications receiving 342 citations. Previous affiliations of Smriti Sharma include World Institute for Development Economics Research & Dayalbagh Educational Institute.

DPP-4 inhibitors for treating T2DM - hype or hope? an analysis based on the current literature

Abstract: DPP-4 inhibition is an interesting line of therapy for treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and is based on promoting the incretin effect. Here, the authors have presented a brief appraisal of DPP-4 inhibitors, their modes of action, and the clinical efficiency of currently available drugs based on DPP-4 inhibitors. The safety profiles as well as future directions including their potential application in improving COVID-19 patient outcomes have also been discussed in detail. This review also highlights the existing queries and evidence gaps in DPP-4 inhibitor research. Authors have concluded that the excitement surrounding DPP-4 inhibitors is justified because in addition to controlling blood glucose level, they are good at managing risk factors associated with diabetes.

Nanomedicine: a solution to the key problems of diabetes research?

Abstract: NanomedicineVol. 17, No. 5 EditorialNanomedicine: a solution to the key problems of diabetes research?Smriti SharmaSmriti Sharma *Author for correspondence: E-mail Address: nishupapersub@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0023-2162Molecular Modelling & Drug Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:13 Jan 2022https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2021-0339AboutSectionsView ArticleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit View articleKeywords: diabetesinsulinnanomedicineReferences1. Đorđević S, Gonzalez MM, Conejos-Sánchez I et al. Current hurdles to the translation of nanomedicines from bench to the clinic. Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. doi:10.1007/s13346-021-01024-2 (2021) (Epub ahead of print).Medline, Google Scholar2. Sharma S, Bhatia V. Magnetic nanoparticles in microfluidics-based diagnostics: an appraisal. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 16(15), 1329–1342 (2021).Link, CAS, Google Scholar3. Sharma S, Bhatia V. Drug design of GLP-1 receptor agonists: importance of in silico methods. Curr. Pharm. Des. 27(8), 1015–1024 (2021).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar4. Simos YV, Spyrou K, Patila M et al. Trends of nanotechnology in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1), 62–76 (2021).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar5. Kerry RG, Mahapatra GP, Maurya GK et al. Molecular prospect of type-2 diabetes: nanotechnology based diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 22(2), 421–451 (2021).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar6. Davegårdh C, Säll J, Benrick A et al. VPS39-deficiency observed in type 2 diabetes impairs muscle stem cell differentiation via altered autophagy and epigenetics. Nat. Commun. 12(1), 2431 (2021).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar7. Starling S. Muscle VPS39 deficiency in people with T2DM. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 17(7), 383 (2021).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar8. Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wu J et al. Effects of carbon-based nanomaterials on vascular endothelia under physiological and pathological conditions: interactions, mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications. J. Control. Release 330, 945–962 (2021).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar9. Viswanathan P, Muralidaran Y, Ragavan G. Challenges in oral drug delivery: a nano-based strategy to overcome. In: Nanostructures for Oral Medicine. Andronescu EGrumezescu A (Eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 173–201 (2017).Crossref, Google Scholar10. Albisser A, Leibel BS, Ewart TG, Davidovac Z, Botz CK, Zingg W. An artificial endocrine pancreas. Diabetes 23(5), 389–396 (1974).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar11. Krol S. Nanoencapsulated human pancreatic islets for β-cell replacement in type 1 diabetes. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 15(18), 1735–1738 (2020).Link, CAS, Google Scholar12. Syed F, Bugliani M, Novelli M et al. Conformal coating by multilayer nano-encapsulation for the protection of human pancreatic islets: in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Nanomedicine 14(7), 2191–2203 (2018).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar13. Yang X. Design and optimization of crocetin loaded PLGA nanoparticles against diabetic nephropathy via suppression of inflammatory biomarkers: a formulation approach to preclinical study. Drug Deliv. 26(1), 849–859 (2019).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar14. Mao Y, Hu Y, Feng W et al. Effects and mechanisms of PSS-loaded nanoparticles on coronary microcirculation dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy rats. Biomed. Pharmacother. 121, 109280 (2020).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar15. Zhang M, Zhao YZ, Ma WC et al. [Therapeutic effect of combined use of FGF1-loaded nano-liposomes and ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technique on treating rats with experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 45(5), 427–433 (2017).Medline, CAS, Google Scholar16. Jo DH, Kim JH, Yu YS, Lee TG, Kim JH. Antiangiogenic effect of silicate nanoparticle on retinal neovascularization induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. Nanomedicine 8(5), 784–791 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar17. Li F, Shi Y, Liang J, Zhao L. Curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles promote diabetic wound healing via attenuating inflammation in a diabetic rat model. J. Biomater. Appl. 34(4), 476–486 (2019).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar18. Asadi S, Gholami MS, Siassi F, Qorbani M, Khamoshian K, Sotoudeh G. Nano curcumin supplementation reduced the severity of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement. Ther. Med. 43, 253–260 (2019).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar19. Luo Q, Feng Y, Xie Y et al. Nanoparticle–microRNA-146a-5p polyplexes ameliorate diabetic peripheral neuropathy by modulating inflammation and apoptosis. Nanomedicine 17, 188–197 (2019).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar20. Alves MG, Martins AD, Rato L, Moreira PI, Socorro S, Oliveira PF. Molecular mechanisms beyond glucose transport in diabetes-related male infertility. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1832(5), 626–635 (2013).Crossref, CAS, Google Scholar21. Afifi M, Almaghrabi OA, Kadasa NM. Ameliorative effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on antioxidants and sperm characteristics in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat testes. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015, 153573 (2015).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar22. Tai W, Zhen Gu. Enzyme nanocapsules for glucose sensing and insulin delivery. In: Biocatalysis and Nanotechnology. Grunwald P (Ed.). Jenny Stanford Publishing, FL, USA, 561–593 (2017).Crossref, Google Scholar23. Cash KJ, Clark HA. Nanosensors and nanomaterials for monitoring glucose in diabetes. Trends Mol. Med. 16(12), 584–593 (2010).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar24. Medarova Z, Moore A. MRI as a tool to monitor islet transplantation. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 5(8), 444–452 (2009).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar25. Liu Y, Tu D, Zheng W et al. A strategy for accurate detection of glucose in human serum and whole blood based on an upconversion nanoparticles-polydopamine nanosystem. Nano Res. 11(6), 3164–3174 (2018).Crossref, CAS, Google Scholar26. Tran T-H, Amiji MM. Targeted delivery systems for biological therapies of inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 12(3), 393–414 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar27. Singh AP, Biswas A, Shukla A, Maiti P. Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 4, 33 (2019).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar28. Testa MA. Satisfaction and quality of life with premeal inhaled versus injected insulin in adolescents and adults with type 1. Diabetes Care 30(6), 1399–1405 (2007).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar29. Rekha MR, Sharma CP. Oral delivery of therapeutic protein/peptide for diabetes – future perspectives. Int. J. Pharm. 440(1), 48–62 (2013).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar30. Krol S, Ellis-Behnke R, Marchetti P. Nanomedicine for treatment of diabetes in an aging population: state-of-the-art and future developments. Nanomedicine 8(Suppl. 1), S69–S76 (2012).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 17, No. 5 Follow us on social media for the latest updates Metrics Downloaded 30 times History Received 8 September 2021 Accepted 15 December 2021 Published online 13 January 2022 Published in print February 2022 Information© 2022 Future Medicine LtdKeywordsdiabetesinsulinnanomedicineAcknowledgmentsThe author would like to acknowledge her institution for moral and administrative support.Financial & competing interests disclosureThe author has no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending or royalties.No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.PDF download

Corporate Governance Practice of Indian Companies – An Assessment of OECD Principles at Global Perspective

Abstract: The corporate governance plays a major role in the integrity of businesses and markets and helps in maintaining vitality, growth and stability and leads to increase in economic efficiency. In India SEBI under its listing agreement clause 49 has laid down rules and regulations for effective corporate governance and lot of research has been carried out to evaluate the corporate governance practices of the Indian corporate. At global level Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has also framed principles of corporate governance which are non-binding and intended to assist member and non-member government to evaluate and improve the legal, institutional and regulatory framework of corporate governance. The principles of corporate governance as laid down by OECD can lead to examine the level of disclosure practices to corporate governance at global level of the Indian corporate. Hence, in this study an attempt has been made to examine and evaluate the level of the fulfillment towards the various principles of 30 BSE Sensex companies for the year 2010-11.The analysis reveals that the disclosure practice made by Indian company as per Clause – 49 are to a certain extent capable of meeting the various principles of OECD on Corporate Governance. The Study depicts that the principle on Role of Stakeholders in Corporate Governance has attained greater significance. The principle on Board Responsibilities and Disclosure and Transparency needs to be more emphasised by Indian companies for effective Corporate Governance practice at global level.

A Treatise on the Family

Abstract: A Treatise on the Family. G. S. Becker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1981. Gary Becker is one of the most famous and influential economists of the second half of the 20th century, a fervent contributor to and expounder of the University of Chicago free-market philosophy, and winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize in economics. Although any book with the word "treatise" in its title is clearly intended to have an impact, one coming from someone as brilliant and controversial as Becker certainly had such a lofty goal. It has received many article-length reviews in several disciplines (Ben-Porath, 1982; Bergmann, 1995; Foster, 1993; Hannan, 1982), which is one measure of its scholarly importance, and yet its impact is, I think, less than it may have initially appeared, especially for scholars with substantive interests in the family. This book is, its title notwithstanding, more about economics and the economic approach to behavior than about the family. In the first sentence of the preface, Becker writes "In this book, I develop an economic or rational choice approach to the family." Lest anyone accuse him of focusing on traditional (i.e., material) economics topics, such as family income, poverty, and labor supply, he immediately emphasizes that those topics are not his focus. "My intent is more ambitious: to analyze marriage, births, divorce, division of labor in households, prestige, and other non-material behavior with the tools and framework developed for material behavior." Indeed, the book includes chapters on many of these issues. One chapter examines the principles of the efficient division of labor in households, three analyze marriage and divorce, three analyze various child-related issues (fertility and intergenerational mobility), and others focus on broader family issues, such as intrafamily resource allocation. His analysis is not, he believes, constrained by time or place. His intention is "to present a comprehensive analysis that is applicable, at least in part, to families in the past as well as the present, in primitive as well as modern societies, and in Eastern as well as Western cultures." His tone is profoundly conservative and utterly skeptical of any constructive role for government programs. There is a clear sense of how much better things were in the old days of a genderbased division of labor and low market-work rates for married women. Indeed, Becker is ready and able to show in Chapter 2 that such a state of affairs was efficient and induced not by market or societal discrimination (although he allows that it might exist) but by small underlying household productivity differences that arise primarily from what he refers to as "complementarities" between caring for young children while carrying another to term. Most family scholars would probably find that an unconvincingly simple explanation for a profound and complex phenomenon. What, then, is the salient contribution of Treatise on the Family? It is not literally the idea that economics could be applied to the nonmarket sector and to family life because Becker had already established that with considerable success and influence. At its core, microeconomics is simple, characterized by a belief in the importance of prices and markets, the role of self-interested or rational behavior, and, somewhat less centrally, the stability of preferences. It was Becker's singular and invaluable contribution to appreciate that the behaviors potentially amenable to the economic approach were not limited to phenomenon with explicit monetary prices and formal markets. Indeed, during the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s, he did undeniably important and pioneering work extending the domain of economics to such topics as labor market discrimination, fertility, crime, human capital, household production, and the allocation of time. Nor is Becker's contribution the detailed analyses themselves. Many of them are, frankly, odd, idiosyncratic, and off-putting. …

Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract: Suboptimal nutrition is a leading cause of poor health. Nutrition and policy science have advanced rapidly, creating confusion yet also providing powerful opportunities to reduce the adverse health and economic impacts of poor diets. This review considers the history, new evidence, controversies, and corresponding lessons for modern dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Major identified themes include the importance of evaluating the full diversity of diet-related risk pathways, not only blood lipids or obesity; focusing on foods and overall diet patterns, rather than single isolated nutrients; recognizing the complex influences of different foods on long-term weight regulation, rather than simply counting calories; and characterizing and implementing evidence-based strategies, including policy approaches, for lifestyle change. Evidence-informed dietary priorities include increased fruits, nonstarchy vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, vegetable oils, yogurt, and minimally processed whole grains; and fewer red meats, processed (eg, sodium-preserved) meats, and foods rich in refined grains, starch, added sugars, salt, and trans fat. More investigation is needed on the cardiometabolic effects of phenolics, dairy fat, probiotics, fermentation, coffee, tea, cocoa, eggs, specific vegetable and tropical oils, vitamin D, individual fatty acids, and diet-microbiome interactions. Little evidence to date supports the cardiometabolic relevance of other popular priorities: eg, local, organic, grass-fed, farmed/wild, or non-genetically modified. Evidence-based personalized nutrition appears to depend more on nongenetic characteristics (eg, physical activity, abdominal adiposity, gender, socioeconomic status, culture) than genetic factors. Food choices must be strongly supported by clinical behavior change efforts, health systems reforms, novel technologies, and robust policy strategies targeting economic incentives, schools and workplaces, neighborhood environments, and the food system. Scientific advances provide crucial new insights on optimal targets and best practices to reduce the burdens of diet-related cardiometabolic diseases.

Frustration and Aggression

Abstract: EIGHT members of the Yale Institute of Human Relations have co-operated to produce this book The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable Whatever judgment one may make about the value of the hypothesis elaborated in the book, there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study Frustration and Aggression By John Dollard Neal E Miller Leonard W Doob O H Mowrer Robert R Sears, in collaboration with Clellan S Ford, Carl Iver Hovland and Richard T Sollenberger (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction) Pp ix + 150 (London: Kegan Paul and Co, Ltd, 1944) 10s 6d net

Inequality and Growth: What Can the Data Say?

Abstract: This paper describes the correlations between inequality and the growth rates in cross-country data. Using non-parametric methods, we show that the growth rate is an inverted U-shaped function of net changes in inequality: Changes in inequality (in any direction) are associated with reduced growth in the next period. The estimated relationship is robust to variations in control variables and estimation methods. This inverted U-curve is consistent with a simple political economy model, although, as we point out, efforts to interpret this model causally run into difficult identification problems. We show that this non-linearity is sufficient to explain why previous estimates of the relationship between the level of inequality and growth are so different from one another.