Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly popular for applications such as inspections, delivery, agriculture, surveillance, and many more. It is estimated that, by 2040, UAVs/drones will become a mainstream delivery channel to satisfy the growing demand for parcel delivery. Though the UAVs are gaining interest in civil applications, the future of UAV charging is facing a set of vital concerns and open research challenges. Considering the case of parcel delivery, handling countless drones and their charging will become complex and laborious. The need for non-contact based multi-device charging techniques will be crucial in saving time and human resources. To efficiently address this issue, Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) for UAVs is a promising technology for multi-drone charging and autonomous handling of multiple devices. In the literature of the past five years, limited surveys were conducted for wireless UAV charging. Moreover, vital problems such as coil weight constraints, comparison between existing charging techniques, shielding methods and many other key issues are not addressed. This motivates the author in conducting this review for addressing the crucial aspects of wireless UAV charging. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive comparative study on wireless charging’s technical aspects conducted by prominent research laboratories, universities, and industries. The paper also discusses UAVs’ history, UAVs structure, categories of UAVs, mathematical formulation of coil and WPT standards for safer operation.

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A Review on UAV Wireless Charging: Fundamentals, Applications, Charging Techniques and Standards

Summary This paper proposes a cloud computing framework in smart grid environment by creating small integrated energy hub supporting real time computing for handling huge storage of data. A stochastic programming approach model is developed with cloud computing scheme for effective demand side management (DSM) in smart grid. Simulation results are obtained using GUI interface and Gurobi optimizer in Matlab in order to reduce the electricity demand by creating energy networks in a smart hub approach.

Demand side management scheme in smart grid with cloud computing approach using stochastic dynamic programming

One of the problems that Low Voltage (LV) distribution networks face is related to unbalance loads. These networks are characterized by the existence of single phase loads that will unbalance the network. Due to this, there are higher losses, voltage unbalances and the possibility to emerge voltage levels that are not accepted by the legislation. However, due to the change in the actual paradigm regarding the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the LV distribution networks and the implementation of Smart-Grids (SG), it is possible to improve the quality of those networks. This work presents an overview of the technologies and strategies that have been introduced in the context of the Smart-Grids to attenuate the unbalance loadsâ€™ problems. To verify such impact, it will also be presented a study of a real network. This study will show the benefits resulting from the mitigation of this problem on the context of the SG. Â

https://www.ijsmartgrid.org/index.php/ijsmartgridnew/article/download/50/pdf_1

Balancing LV Distribution Networks in the Context of the Smart Gird

The aim of the present work is to investigate the effects of Renewable Distributed Generators (RDGs) on the competitive electricity markets. First, the optimal size of RDG units working at unity power factor is obtained using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The optimal sizing is obtained based on the investment costs of the RDGs and conventional generators. Secondly, the wheeling costs are evaluated before and after the integration of RDGs in the power system network. Different approaches in MW-Mile method are utilized in obtaining the wheeling charges in the present work. The suggested method of obtaining optimal sizing of RDGs is explored on IEEE 30 bus test system for the appropriate feasibility check. Simulation results are evaluated to show the applicability of the proposed methodology in terms of wheeling charges for the transaction of 50 MW. The results reveal that intimated method can aid the ISO in evaluating the wheeling costs for a transaction of 50 MW. Wheeling charges evaluated are compared among without DG case, with 60 MW DG case and optimum capacity DG case.

Impact of Renewable Distributed Generators in Competitive Electricity Markets Considering Economic Factors

Damages in gears may result from excessive operating load (overload), inadequate operating conditions, operation near the resonant frequency of a gear structure, or simple fatigue during power transmission. In mechanical design, the engineers must always ensure that the mechanical resonance frequencies of the components are not allowed to match the drive oscillation frequencies of oscillating parts. Various experimental and theoretical techniques have been developed to analyze such vibrational problems. In this paper, the planetary gear was modeled in Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 while the Mesh and the structural, modal and response harmonic analysis for different boundary conditions were performed in ANSYS Workbench 15.0. A modal analysis was then performed for these different cases to calculate a few initial natural frequencies and to analyze its movements using the harmonic response. Furthermore, it is observed that the value of the maximum occurred stress obtained by the harmonic response analysis for the three different cases is less than the maximum materials stress.

https://www.ijrer.com/index.php/ijrer/article/download/7247/pdf

Investigation of Structural and Modal Analysis of a Wind Turbine Planetary Gear using Finite Element Method

In the future era, Smart grid provides  phenomenal solutions for the consumers, in order for them  to use the energy in more easy and efficient method. In this work, a new demand side management scheme is proposed for users with renewable sources and storage facilities. Here an optimal scheduling for home appliances is determined using stochastic dynamic programming for consumers with smart meters. Simulation results demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach with the mathematical model. Results are worked out in Generic Algebraic Modeling system (GAMS) with Gurobi optimizer as a solver  which exhibits significant reduction of the electricity bills for the users with the usage of renewable energy  and battery storage.

https://www.ijrer.ijrer.org/index.php/ijrer/article/download/2985/pdf_2985

A Novel Integrated Approach of Energy Consumption Scheduling in Smart Grid Environment With the Penetration of Renewable Energy

Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is considered as the main barrier to adopt Lithium-ion battery-based electric vehicles as alternatives to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles....

State of Charge Estimation of Lithium Batteries in Electric Vehicles Using IndRNN

Abstract The present work proposes a schematic model for predicting the water vapor transmissibility in hybrid nanocomposites based on bromobutyl (BIIR)/epichlorohydrin (CO) rubber blends. Morphology study reveals the exfoliation of nanoclay and development of hybrid nanostructures in the rubber nanocomposites. A unique correlation between water vapor transmissibility and gas (oxygen) permeability through the rubber nanocomposites has been systematically derived. The prediction of relative water vapor transmissibility was achieved by considering the polar path along with the existing tortuous path and has been validated. Interestingly, it is found that the water vapor transmissibility (TW) directly depends on the weight fraction of the polar rubber (ΦP) in the rubber blend and permeability to gas (PG) of the nanocomposites.

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A brief insight into the prediction of water vapor transmissibility in highly impermeable hybrid nanocomposites based on bromobutyl/epichlorohydrin rubber blends

The deployment of smart meters in distribution systems provides an excellent pathway for load monitoring in the future smart grid paradigm. The proposed methodology involves a novel idea of power distribution optimization from the substation level. This paper elaborates a model by identifying the dynamic intelligent load scheduling problem and the approach is simple with less complexity thereby reducing the power outage time at the end users. This solution can be easily applicable to power distribution network using smart grid concepts and develops a load scheduling architecture. The problem efficiency is explained clearly which enhances the idea when the consumption among users is centrally available and it is easy to generate bills without errors. The main focus of this paper is modelling the loads in consumer side targeting an optimal scheduling .The proposed system is implemented in a realistic scenario and the obtained results exhibits effectiveness of the model.

Sofana Reka S

Papers

A Novel Integrated Approach of Energy Consumption Scheduling in Smart Grid Environment With the Penetration of Renewable Energy

State of Charge Estimation of Lithium Batteries in Electric Vehicles Using IndRNN

A brief insight into the prediction of water vapor transmissibility in highly impermeable hybrid nanocomposites based on bromobutyl/epichlorohydrin rubber blends

A novel approach of intelligent load scheduling in smart grid environment