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Somsak Thamthitiwat

Bio: Somsak Thamthitiwat is an academic researcher from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The author has contributed to research in topics: Pneumonia & Population. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 46 publications receiving 2645 citations. Previous affiliations of Somsak Thamthitiwat include University of the Witwatersrand & Thailand Ministry of Public Health.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ting Shi1, David A. McAllister2, Katherine L. O'Brien3, Eric A. F. Simões4, Shabir A. Madhi5, Bradford D. Gessner, Fernando P. Polack, Evelyn Balsells1, Sozinho Acácio6, Claudia Aguayo, Issifou Alassani, Asad Ali7, Martin Antonio8, Shally Awasthi9, Juliet O. Awori10, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner11, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner12, Henry C. Baggett12, Vicky L. Baillie5, Angel Balmaseda, Alfredo Barahona, Sudha Basnet13, Sudha Basnet14, Quique Bassat6, Quique Bassat15, Wilma Basualdo, Godfrey Bigogo10, Louis Bont16, Robert F. Breiman17, W. Abdullah Brooks3, W. Abdullah Brooks11, Shobha Broor18, Nigel Bruce19, Dana Bruden12, Philippe Buchy20, Stuart Campbell1, Phyllis Carosone-Link20, Mandeep S. Chadha21, James Chipeta22, Monidarin Chou23, Wilfrido Clara12, Cheryl Cohen5, Cheryl Cohen24, Elizabeth de Cuellar, Duc Anh Dang, Budragchaagiin Dash-Yandag, Maria Deloria-Knoll3, Mukesh Dherani19, Tekchheng Eap, Bernard E. Ebruke8, Marcela Echavarria, Carla Cecília de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, Rodrigo Fasce, Daniel R. Feikin12, Luzhao Feng25, Angela Gentile26, Aubree Gordon27, Doli Goswami3, Doli Goswami11, Sophie Goyet20, Michelle J. Groome5, Natasha B. Halasa28, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Nusrat Homaira29, Nusrat Homaira11, Stephen R. C. Howie8, Stephen R. C. Howie30, Stephen R. C. Howie31, Jorge Jara32, Imane Jroundi15, Cissy B. Kartasasmita, Najwa Khuri-Bulos33, Karen L. Kotloff34, Anand Krishnan18, Romina Libster35, Romina Libster28, Olga Lopez, Marilla G. Lucero36, Florencia Lución26, Socorro Lupisan36, Debora N. Marcone, John P. McCracken32, Mario Mejia, Jennifer C. Moïsi, Joel M. Montgomery12, David P. Moore5, Cinta Moraleda15, Jocelyn Moyes5, Jocelyn Moyes24, Patrick K. Munywoki10, Patrick K. Munywoki37, Kuswandewi Mutyara, Mark P. Nicol38, D. James Nokes39, D. James Nokes10, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa40, Maria Tereza da Costa Oliveira, Histoshi Oshitani41, Nitin Pandey9, Gláucia Paranhos-Baccalà42, Lia Neu Phillips17, Valentina Picot42, Mustafizur Rahman11, Mala Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Zeba A Rasmussen43, Barbara Rath44, Annick Robinson, Candice Romero, Graciela Russomando45, Vahid Salimi46, Pongpun Sawatwong12, Nienke M Scheltema16, Brunhilde Schweiger47, J. Anthony G. Scott10, J. Anthony G. Scott48, Phil Seidenberg49, Kunling Shen50, Rosalyn J. Singleton12, Rosalyn J. Singleton51, Viviana Sotomayor, Tor A. Strand13, Tor A. Strand52, Agustinus Sutanto, Mariam Sylla, Milagritos D. Tapia34, Somsak Thamthitiwat12, Elizabeth Thomas43, Rafal Tokarz53, Claudia Turner54, Marietjie Venter55, Sunthareeya Waicharoen56, Jianwei Wang57, Wanitda Watthanaworawit54, Lay-Myint Yoshida58, Hongjie Yu25, Heather J. Zar38, Harry Campbell1, Harish Nair59, Harish Nair1 
University of Edinburgh1, University of Glasgow2, Johns Hopkins University3, University of Colorado Boulder4, University of the Witwatersrand5, International Military Sports Council6, Aga Khan University7, Medical Research Council8, King George's Medical University9, Kenya Medical Research Institute10, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh11, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention12, University of Bergen13, Tribhuvan University14, University of Barcelona15, Utrecht University16, Emory University17, All India Institute of Medical Sciences18, University of Liverpool19, Boston Children's Hospital20, National Institute of Virology21, University of Zambia22, University of Health Sciences Antigua23, National Health Laboratory Service24, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention25, Austral University26, University of Michigan27, Vanderbilt University28, University of New South Wales29, University of Otago30, University of Auckland31, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala32, University of Jordan33, University of Maryland, Baltimore34, National Scientific and Technical Research Council35, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine36, Pwani University College37, University of Cape Town38, University of Warwick39, Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom40, Tohoku University41, École normale supérieure de Lyon42, John E. Fogarty International Center43, Charité44, Universidad Nacional de Asunción45, Tehran University of Medical Sciences46, Robert Koch Institute47, University of London48, University of New Mexico49, Capital Medical University50, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium51, Innlandet Hospital Trust52, Columbia University53, Mahidol University54, University of Pretoria55, Thailand Ministry of Public Health56, Peking Union Medical College57, Nagasaki University58, Public Health Foundation of India59
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated the incidence and hospital admission rate of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection (RSV-ALRI) in children younger than 5 years stratified by age and World Bank income regions.

1,470 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Estimating causes of pneumonia in young African and Asian children, using novel analytical methods applied to clinical and microbiological findings, estimated that viruses accounted for 61·4% (95% credible interval [CrI] 57·3–65·6) of causes, whereas bacteria accounted for 27·3% (23·3-31·6).

492 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings provide new and important evidence for maternal and paediatric influenza immunisation, and should inform future immunisation policy particularly in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.

203 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show that perinatal immunisation strategies for children aged younger than 6 months could have a substantial impact on RSV-related child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries.

180 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
11 Nov 2009-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: The findings support a recent Thailand Ministry of Public Health decision to extend annual influenza vaccination to older adults and suggest that children should also be targeted for routine vaccination.
Abstract: Background Data on the incidence, seasonality and mortality associated with influenza in subtropical low and middle income countries are limited. Prospective data from multiple years are needed to develop vaccine policy and treatment guidelines, and improve pandemic preparedness. Methods During January 2005 through December 2008, we used an active, population-based surveillance system to prospectively identify hospitalized pneumonia cases with influenza confirmed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction or cell culture in 20 hospitals in two provinces in Thailand. Age-specific incidence was calculated and extrapolated to estimate national annual influenza pneumonia hospital admissions and in-hospital deaths. Results Influenza was identified in 1,346 (10.4%) of pneumonia patients of all ages, and 10 influenza pneumonia patients died while in the hospital. 702 (52%) influenza pneumonia patients were less than 15 years of age. The average annual incidence of influenza pneumonia was greatest in children less than 5 years of age (236 per 100,000) and in those age 75 or older (375 per 100,000). During 2005, 2006 and 2008 influenza A virus detection among pneumonia cases peaked during June through October. In 2007 a sharp increase was observed during the months of January through April. Influenza B virus infections did not demonstrate a consistent seasonal pattern. Influenza pneumonia incidence was high in 2005, a year when influenza A(H3N2) subtype virus strains predominated, low in 2006 when A(H1N1) viruses were more common, moderate in 2007 when H3N2 and influenza B co-predominated, and high again in 2008 when influenza B viruses were most common. During 2005–2008, influenza pneumonia resulted in an estimated annual average 36,413 hospital admissions and 322 in-hospital pneumonia deaths in Thailand. Conclusion Influenza virus infection is an important cause of hospitalized pneumonia in Thailand. Young children and the elderly are most affected and in-hospital deaths are more common than previously appreciated. Influenza occurs year-round and tends to follow a bimodal seasonal pattern with substantial variability. The disease burden varies significantly from year to year. Our findings support a recent Thailand Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) decision to extend annual influenza vaccination to older adults and suggest that children should also be targeted for routine vaccination.

147 citations


Cited by
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The questionnaires from the field were received, checked and stored by the data processing personnel and checked the completeness of the questionnaires and the correct bubbling.
Abstract: The questionnaires from the field were received, checked and stored by the data processing personnel. They checked: 1. The completeness of the questionnaires 2. The correct bubbling 3. The correct number of questionnaires per household, if total males + total females > 8 as the questionnaire ONLY accommodated maximum of 8 household members. 4. The reference number appears in all the 10 pages of the questionnaires.

1,200 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings show substantial progress in the reduction of lower respiratory infection burden, but this progress has not been equal across locations, has been driven by decreases in several primary risk factors, and might require more effort among elderly adults.
Abstract: Summary Background Lower respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016, provides an up-to-date analysis of the burden of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries This study assesses cases, deaths, and aetiologies spanning the past 26 years and shows how the burden of lower respiratory infection has changed in people of all ages Methods We used three separate modelling strategies for lower respiratory infections in GBD 2016: a Bayesian hierarchical ensemble modelling platform (Cause of Death Ensemble model), which uses vital registration, verbal autopsy data, and surveillance system data to predict mortality due to lower respiratory infections; a compartmental meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR), which uses scientific literature, population representative surveys, and health-care data to predict incidence, prevalence, and mortality; and modelling of counterfactual estimates of the population attributable fraction of lower respiratory infection episodes due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus We calculated each modelled estimate for each age, sex, year, and location We modelled the exposure level in a population for a given risk factor using DisMod-MR and a spatio-temporal Gaussian process regression, and assessed the effectiveness of targeted interventions for each risk factor in children younger than 5 years We also did a decomposition analysis of the change in LRI deaths from 2000–16 using the risk factors associated with LRI in GBD 2016 Findings In 2016, lower respiratory infections caused 652 572 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 586 475–720 612) in children younger than 5 years (under-5s), 1 080 958 deaths (943 749–1 170 638) in adults older than 70 years, and 2 377 697 deaths (2 145 584–2 512 809) in people of all ages, worldwide Streptococcus pneumoniae was the leading cause of lower respiratory infection morbidity and mortality globally, contributing to more deaths than all other aetiologies combined in 2016 (1 189 937 deaths, 95% UI 690 445–1 770 660) Childhood wasting remains the leading risk factor for lower respiratory infection mortality among children younger than 5 years, responsible for 61·4% of lower respiratory infection deaths in 2016 (95% UI 45·7–69·6) Interventions to improve wasting, household air pollution, ambient particulate matter pollution, and expanded antibiotic use could avert one under-5 death due to lower respiratory infection for every 4000 children treated in the countries with the highest lower respiratory infection burden Interpretation Our findings show substantial progress in the reduction of lower respiratory infection burden, but this progress has not been equal across locations, has been driven by decreases in several primary risk factors, and might require more effort among elderly adults By highlighting regions and populations with the highest burden, and the risk factors that could have the greatest effect, funders, policy makers, and programme implementers can more effectively reduce lower respiratory infections among the world's most susceptible populations Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

1,147 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world is described by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines.
Abstract: Summary: The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.

675 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The estimates suggest that melioidosis is severely underreported in the 45 countries in which it is known to be endemic and that it is probably endemic in a further 34 countries that have never reported the disease.
Abstract: Burkholderia pseudomallei, a highly pathogenic bacterium that causes melioidosis, is commonly found in soil in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia1,2. Melioidosis can be difficult to diagnose due to its diverse clinical manifestations and the inadequacy of conventional bacterial identification methods3. The bacterium is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials, and treatment with ineffective antimicrobials may result in case fatality rates (CFRs) exceeding 70%4,5. The importation of infected animals has, in the past, spread melioidosis to non-endemic areas6,7. The global distribution of B. pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we map documented human and animal cases, and the presence of environmental B. pseudomallei, and combine this in a formal modelling framework8-10 to estimate the global burden of melioidosis. We estimate there to be 165,000 (95% credible interval 68,000-412,000) human melioidosis cases per year worldwide, of which 89,000 (36,000-227,000) die. Our estimates suggest that melioidosis is severely underreported in the 45 countries in which it is known to be endemic and that melioidosis is likely endemic in a further 34 countries which have never reported the disease. The large numbers of estimated cases and fatalities emphasise that the disease warrants renewed attention from public health officials and policy makers.

653 citations