Amino acid and fatty acid compositions and nutritional quality of muscle in the pomfret, Pampus punctatissimus

Plasmalogens, fatty acids and alkyl glyceryl ethers of marine and freshwater clams and mussels

Using polarization as an additional parameter apart from amplitude and phase in spatial filtering experiments offers additional advantages and possibilities. An S-waveplate that can convert a linearly polarized light into radially or azimuthally polarized light can also be used for isotropic edge enhancement. For anisotropic edge enhancement, introduction of a polarizer at the output was recommended and edge selection was done by orientation of the polarizer. But the full potential of the S-waveplate as a spatial filter has not been exploited so far. Unlike the standard amplitude and phase-based Fourier filters, which are independent to the state of polarization of the illuminating beam, the S-waveplate acts in a different way depending on the state of polarization. The edge selection does not need to be carried out by changing the orientation of the polarizer. With a fixed polarizer at the output, we show that either isotropic or anisotropic edge enhancement in any desired orientation can be performed by operating the same spatial filter setup in different illuminating polarization states.

Polarization-based spatial filtering for directional and nondirectional edge enhancement using an S-waveplate

Trace elements and POPs in two commercial shark species from Djibouti: Implications for human exposure.

The study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and nutraceutical potential of two commercially significant edible bivalve mollusc species (Anadara broughtonii and Mactra chinensis). The edible parts (motor muscle, mantle and adductor) of these molluscs were analyzed for their proximate composition, collagen content, amino acid profile, chemical score and elemental constituents. Both molluscs had low fat content (2.43–6.91 g/100 g dry weight), and protein (55.36–68.01 g/100 g dry weight) and carbohydrates (11.36–20.37 g/100 g dry weight) were their main components. Total collagen content of the edible bivalve molluscs varied from 30.5 to 39 mg/g wet weight, accounting for approximately half of their total protein content. Among amino acids, glycine, glutamate, aspartic acid, alanine, leucine, lysine and arginine were present at high levels in the edible parts of both bivalve molluscs, while the major elements present were sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc and nickel. Having high-quality protein content, edible bivalve molluscs could be excellent sources of nutritive ingredients and, after further study, may find applications in nutricosmetics and functional foods.

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Nutritional composition and total collagen content of two commercially important edible bivalve molluscs from the Sea of Japan coast

The study of the lipid matter content from the different organs of Pomfret (Pampus argenteus) fish indicates that a major amount of lipid accumulates in the brain while the organs like digestive tract and muscle contain relatively much lower amount. The composition of the lipid matter of various organs points out that cholesterol is in much greater proportion than that of the phospholipid. Cholesterol is present in highest amount in the brain lipid compared with other organs while the content of phospholipid is lowest in the digestive tract. The fatty acid composition reveals that the lipids of each organ of pomfret fish are enriched in the saturated fatty acids. Also a distinct variation exists in the amount of the individual saturated fatty acids. The eye ball lipid has the highest amount of saturated fatty acid (84%) followed by digestive tract (69%), muscle (52%) and brain (34%). The polyunsaturated fatty acids are the next major fatty acids, with significant amount of C22:6 fatty acid.

Lipid Profiles of Pomfret Fish (Pampus argenteus) Organs

In a triangular path cyclic interferometer employing a polarizing beam splitter (PBS), the two counterpropagating beams are orthogonally polarized. A sample placed almost equidistant from the PBS is imaged by a lens placed in the path of the emerging beams so that two defocused images of the sample are recorded on a CCD. Using a linear polarizer in the path of the orthogonally polarized imaging beams, it is possible to achieve amplitude subtraction between the two images, resulting in an edge-enhanced image of the sample. The proposed real-time edge-enhancement technique is experimentally demonstrated.

Real-time edge detection by cyclic-path polarization interferometer

Full-field evaluation of spatially varying birefringence is realized by allowing two mutually orthogonally polarized collinearly propagating laser beams to be incident on a birefringent sample. This is achieved by use of a modified Sagnac interferometer. A half-wave plate is placed in the exit path of the interferometer to adjust the polarizations of the incident beams as required. Amplitude components of the light emerging from the birefringent object are then selected and/or combined by a polarizer, and intensities for required orientation of the half-wave plate and the analyzer are digitally recorded. It is shown that a maximum of four frames of intensity data is sufficient for complete evaluation of birefringence. The proposed technique is aimed towards birefringence measurements in microscopic biological specimens where the magnitude of retardation lies in the range of 0-π radians. Simulated and experimental results are presented.

Quantitative birefringence microscopy with collinearly propagating orthogonally polarized beams.

Achromatic half-wave combination of birefringent plates

The fish, namely Bhola bhetki (Nibea soldado) was examined for lipid composition of its specific organs. The fish had a much higher lipid content in brain in comparison with its other organ while the muscle and digestive tract had nearly equal amount of total lipids. Cholesterol content in lipid part of various organs was significantly high in Bhola (Nibea sp.) while the phospholipid content was low. Fatty acid compositions of eye and digestive tract of Nibea soldado were richer in variety than those of muscle and brain. The total saturated and poly unsaturated acids were more or less equal in muscle and brain lipid. The total monounsaturated fatty acids are more or less same in the muscle, brain and eye. Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) is very high in all the organs. Arachidonic acid (C20:4) is also present in considerable amount in brain, eye and digestive tract. The variation of cholesterol, phospholipid and fatty acid composition in fish organs would be beneficial for human consumption from health point of view.

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Sonali Chakraborty

Papers

Lipid Profiles of Pomfret Fish (Pampus argenteus) Organs

Real-time edge detection by cyclic-path polarization interferometer

Quantitative birefringence microscopy with collinearly propagating orthogonally polarized beams.

Achromatic half-wave combination of birefringent plates

Lipid Profiles of Bhola Bhetki (Nibea soldado) Organs