Preface (1999) Preface (1990) 1. Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire I. 'Women' as the Subject of Feminism II. The Compulsory Order of Sex/Gender/Desire III. Gender: The Circular Ruins of Contemporary Debate IV. Theorizing the Binary, the Unitary and Beyond V. Identity, Sex and the Metaphysics of Substance VI. Language, Power and the Strategies of Displacement 2. Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix I. Structuralism's Critical Exchange II. Lacan, Riviere, and the Strategies of Masquerade III. Freud and the Melancholia of Gender IV. Gender Complexity and the Limits of Identification V. Reformulating Prohibition as Power 3. Subversive Bodily Acts I. The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva II. Foucault, Herculine, and the Politics of Sexual Discontinuity III. Monique Wittig - Bodily Disintegration and Fictive Sex IV. Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions Conclusion - From Parody to Politics

Postmodern Subjects, Postmodern BodiesThinking Fragments: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and Postmodernism in the Contemporary WestYearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural PoliticsGender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity

Justice, Gender, and the Family

This article moves from deconstruction to reconstruction in research methodology+ It proposes pragmatism as a way to escape from epistemological dead- lock+ We first show that social scientists are mistaken in their hope to obtain war- ranted knowledge through traditional scientific methods+ We then show that pragmatism has grown from tacit commonsense to an explicit item on the agenda of the inter- national relations discipline+ We suggest that a coherent pragmatic approach consists of two elements: the recognition of knowledge generation as a social and discursive activity, and the orientation of research toward the generation of useful knowledge+ To offer a concrete example of what pragmatic methodology can look like, we pro- pose the research strategy of abduction+ We assess various forms of research design to further elucidate how pragmatic research works in practice+

On Acting and Knowing: How Pragmatism Can Advance International Relations Research and Methodology

The author shows that the right-to-life movement in the mid-nineteenth century was spearheaded by physicians, not out of any deep feeling for the sanctity of life, but because it was an ideal issue to enable the still weak profession to claim mbral and scientific superiority over opposing schools of health. This movement successfully established abortion as a medical issue and defined doctors as the group with the physical resources and expertise to make decisions which involved weighing two lives.

Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood

Critical juncture analysis is popular in comparative-historical analysis (CHA) since it provides tools for studying the political origins and reform of important institutional arrangements that exert a long-lasting influence on their social and political environment. This chapter clarifies a number of theoretical and conceptual issues, explores the strengths and weaknesses of the critical juncture approach, and proposes a methodological strategy for studying critical junctures in comparative perspective. It is necessary to define the scope of the discussion by making two preliminary observations. First, the “dual” model of historical development intrinsic to critical juncture analysis – shorter phases of fluidity and change alternating with longer periods of stability and adaptation – has been applied to a wide range of outcomes and entities, from individual life histories to the development of groups and organizations and the evolution of entire societies (e.g., Swidler 1986, 280). In this chapter, I focus on the use of the concept of critical junctures in the context of the development of institutions , broadly defined as organizations, formal rules, public policies, political regimes, and political economies. These have generally been the object of critical juncture analysis in CHA in both political science and sociology. Second, within CHA, the concept of critical juncture applies only to the analysis of path-dependent institutions and not to all forms of institutional development. The analysis of critical junctures is a part of path dependence arguments, according to which institutional arrangements put in place at a certain point in time become entrenched because of their ability to shape the incentives, worldviews, and resources of the actors and groups affected by the institution. In this analytical context, critical junctures are cast as moments in which uncertainty as to the future of an institutional arrangement allows for political agency and choice to play a decisive causal role in setting an institution on a certain path of development, a path that then persists over a long period of time.

Critical junctures and institutional change

Taking seriously the idea that the “the personal is the political,” I argue that intimacy, the opportunity to be a part of a reciprocal romantic relationship, is a matter of justice. We ought to care about the distribution of this opportunity. Justice demands as much. What has gone largely undertheorized is racial discrimination that takes place in the intimate sphere. Prioritizing individuals as romantic partners in a way that reinforces ideas of racial hierarchy or stereotypes, what I call “sexual racism,” is unjust. Sexual racism is based on nothing more than a kind of blatant, even ugly (pun intended) kind of racial favoritism or disgust. These are not benign sexual preferences but problematic conditions that structure the very formation of romantic relationships. Renegotiating the boundaries of the intimate sphere, I argue that online dating websites ought to be sites of public concern.

Sexual Racism: Intimacy as a Matter of Justice

Introduction: Contingency's Challenge to Political ScienceIan Shapiro and Sonu BediPart I Roots of Contingency1 From Fortune to Feedback: Contingency and the Birth of Modern Political Science David Wootton2 Mapping Contingency Andreas Schedler3 Resilience as the Explanandum of Social Theory Philip PettitPart II Contingency's Challenge4 Events as Causes: The Case of American Politics David R. Mayhew5 Contingent Public Policies and Racial Hierarchy: Lessons from Immigration and Census Policies Jennifer Hochschild and Traci Burch6 Region, Contingency, and Democratization Susan StokesPart III What Is to Be Done?7 Contingency, Politics, and the Nature of Inquiry: Why Non-Events Matter Gregory A. Huber9 When Democracy Complicates Peace: How Democratic Contingencies Affect Negotiated Settlements Courtney Jung10 Contingency in Biophysical Research Robert G. Shulman and Mark R. ShulmanContributors Index

Sonu Bedi

Papers

Sexual Racism: Intimacy as a Matter of Justice

Political Contingency: Studying the Unexpected, the Accidental, and the Unforeseen

Conclusion: Private Injustice

Reproductive Market Racism

Enlarging the Boundary of Racial Justice