Soumen Saha

Bio: Soumen Saha is an academic researcher from University of Calcutta. The author has contributed to research in topics: Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing & Routing protocol. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 7 publications receiving 10 citations.

AODV Routing Protocol Modification With Dqueue(dqAODV) and Optimization With Neural Network For VANET In City Scenario

Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is considered as a sub-set of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). VANET can provide road safety by generating collision warning messages before a collision takes place, lane change assistance; can provide efficient traffic system by introducing cooperation among vehicles; and can also improves in infotainment applications like cooperative file accessing, accessing internet, viewing movies etc. It provides smart Transportation System i.e., wireless ad-hoc communication among vehicles and vehicle to roadside equipments. VANET communication broadly distinguished in two types; 1) vehicle to vehicle interaction, 2) vehicle to infrastructure interaction. The main objective of VANET is to provide safe, secure and automated traffic system. For this automated traffic techniques, there are several types of routing protocols has been developed. MANET routing protocols are not equally applicable in VANET. In the recent past Roy and his group has proposed several study in VANET transmission in [1-3]. In this study, we propose a modified AODV routing protocol in the context of VANET with the help of dqueue introduction into the RREQ header. Recently Saha et al [4] has reported the results showing the nature of modified AODV obtained from the rudimentary version of their simulation code. It is mainly based on packet delivery throughput. It shows greater in-throughput information of packet transmission compare to original AODV. Hence our proposal has less overhead and greater performance routing algorithm compared to conventional AODV. In this study, we propose and implement in the NCTUns-6.0 simulator, the neural network based modified dqueue AODV (dqAODV) routing protocol considering Power, TTL, Node distance and Payload parameter to find the optimal route from the source station (vehicle) to the destination station in VANET communications. The detail simulation techniques with result and output will be presented in the conference.

Application of RREQ Packet in Modified AODV(m-AODV) in the Contest of VANET

Abstract: In Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) the implementation and testing of the performance of routing protocols (www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt, www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4728.txt [1], Boppana et al. in An adaptive distance vector routing algorithm for mobile, ad hoc networks. INFOCOM 2001. IEEE Xplore, vol. 3, pp. 1753–1762, (2001) [2]) are very costly and difficult in real life situation. With the help of Network Simulators the Real-life situation can only be mimicked. Out of many simulators as available at present the NTCUns-6 (Wang et al. in Comput Netw 42(2):175–197, 2003 [3]) is much more versatile due to its inherent features. Most of the well known routing protocols are available for simulation procedure. But, it is found that, AODV is implemented in NCTUns in such a manner that it broadcast the route request within the same network, but multicast the route request between two different networks. Hence it seems a unnecessary wastage of Route Request (RREQ) (www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt, www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4728.txt [1]) packet for its neighbour networks (close network). To cope the problem the ADOV routing protocol has been modified accordingly within the simulator keeping other protocols unaltered. In suitable simulation scenario AODV routing protocol broadcast RREQ packets among the nodes of different networks functioning in the different lanes of the road and we got an enchantment in throughput for our modified AODV (m-AODV).

Comparison of Stack Implemented AODV (ai-sAODV) with Queue Implemented AODV (ai-dqAODV) for VANET in Signal Fading Scenario

Abstract: A recent upcoming smart traffic is Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is also considered as a sub-set of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). It provides wireless ad-hoc communication in between vehicles and vehicle to roadside equipments. Based on this technology traffic network is classified into two types 1. vehicle to vehicle interaction, 2. vehicle to infrastructure interaction. The objective of VANET is to provide safe, secure and automated traffic system. For this automation of traffic technique is different types of routing protocols have been developed. But routing protocols of MANET are not directly applicable to VANET. VANET is designed on IEEE 802.11b wireless standard. This helps to communicate vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to trafic communications. According to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) suggests for VANET frequency spectrum of 75 MHz in the range of 5.850 GHz to 5.925 GHz. It communicate from one vehicle (source) to another vehicle (destination) through different vehicles (intermediate nodes). A numbers of different routing protocols for communication, ie multimedia data, text data etc. from one vehicle (node) to another vehicle are existing. The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV)[1] routing algorithm is one of the popular routing protocols for ad-hoc mobile networks. AODV is used for both unicast and multicast routing. Earlier we have modified AODV with stack and dqueue, where we have find a considerable amount of betterment of result with respect of AODV. In this paper, we propose and implement in the NCTUns-6.0 simulator neural network based Modified AODV on dqAODV(dqueue implemented AODV)[2] and sAODV (stack implemented AODV)[3] routing protocol considering Power, TTL, Node distance and Payload parameter to find the optimal route from the source station (vehicle) to the destination station in VANET com-munications. Further we compare both neural network optimized dqAODV (dqueue implemented AODV) and sAODV (stack implemented AODV) performance on a signal fading model (Rayleigh). This gives us a better result in ai-sAODV(Neural network optimized Stack implemented AODV) compared to queue implemented AODV (ai-dqAODV).

AODV routing protocol modification with dqueue(dqAODV) for VANET in city scenarios

Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is considered as a sub-set of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). It provides smart Transport System i.e., wireless ad-hoc communication in between vehicles and vehicle to roadside equipments. Based on this technology road network is classified into two types 1. vehicle to vehicle interaction, 2. vehicle to infrastructure interaction. The objective of VANET is to provide safe, secure and automated traffic system. For this automated traffic technique several types of routing protocols have been developed. But routing protocols of MANET are not directly applicable to VANET. In this study, we proposed a modified AODV routing protocol in the context of VANET with the help of dqueue introduction into the RREQ header in the C++ code of built-in AODV protocol in NCTUns-6.0 simulator. Recently Saha et al [1] has reported the results showing the nature of modified AODV obtained from the rudimentary version of their simulation code. It is mainly based on packed delivery throughput. It shows greater In-throughput information of packet transmission compare to original AODV. It has been observed from the study that our protocols needs less overhead and yield greater performance in compared to conventional AODV.

Re-Broadcast AODV(reAODV) Based Routing Protocol Modification Over AODV for VANET In City Scenario

Abstract: Vehicular ad-hoc networks or VANETs are a new method of training an ad-hoc network in traffic. The authors have numbers of routing algorithms on a MANET. But none of them works efficiently in a VANET with respect to being a safe and secure transport system. The authors have proposed a modification on an AODV routing algorithm for VANET with the introduction of the double-ended queue or dqAODV in a request packet header. A comparable good result was found in the throughput. In the present work, the authors introduce a modification of an original AODV by applying a partial re-broadcast of the request packet (RREQ) of an AODV. They found a comparable result in the throughput of the packet delivery aspect for this work with the original algorithm and dqAODV. This is compared to the complexity in the original AODV algorithm.

Wireless Sensor Network: A Bibliographical Survey

Abstract: Objectives: To provide more organized literature on wireless sensor network. Method: In this paper, the bibliographical survey has been conducted on the types of wireless sensor network, the real application of wireless sensor network, and the performance metrics that are often used by researchers in evaluating the performance of wireless sensor network. The latest information and references have been further analysed in order to extract key information and mapped into respective subsections. Results: This bibliographical survey contains 450 references related to wireless sensor network that covers type of wireless sensor network, applications and most popular performance metrics used by researchers in solving common problems in wireless sensor network. The list of references covers related research works from 2005 until 2016 and grouped into several subsections based on types, applications and performance metrics. Conclusion: This bibliographical survey covers brief information and criteria related to wireless sensor network that includes types, real applications, and the most popular performance metrics that have been widely used. Ultimately, it can be as source of references to the other researchers in finding literatures that are relevant to their research area in wireless sensor network.

Ant Colony Optimization Approaches in Wireless Sensor Network: Performance Evaluation

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been widely implemented in large sectors such as military, habitat, business, industrial, health and environment. WSN is part of a distributed system where elements such as routing, load balancing, energy efficiency, node localization, time synchronization, data aggregation and security need to be addressed to improve its efficiency, robustness, extendibility, applicability and reliability. Despite multiple approaches proposed to improve all these aspects, there is still room for improvement in order to enhance the capability of WSN in terms of routing and energy efficiency. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is one of the approaches used to extend WSN capabilities because its heuristic nature is very suitable with distributed and dynamic environments. This study covers the common WSN aspects and performance evaluation criteria in addition to the list of previous studies that have used ACO approaches in WSN.

Vanet routing protocols: discussion of various Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) improvements

Abstract: Nowadays vehicular ad hoc networks VANETs are of a great importance for improving road safety and ensuring car drivers’ comfort. Such networks need a robust infrastructure, communication channels and efficient routing protocols. VANETs are one of the most challenging research areas because of their specificities; finding the best routing strategy and ensuring quality of service is a great challenge too. In this paper, we are discussing routing issues, protocols and the improvements of the most popular reactive topology based protocol that is the Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) from ten years ago.

Design and Analysis of An Improved AODV Protocol Based on Clustering Approach for Internet of Vehicles (AODV-CD)

Abstract: © The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the Article is properly cited. Abstract—The Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) has become a vital research area in order to enhance passenger and road safety, increasing traffic efficiency and enhanced reliable connectivity. In this regard, for monitoring and controlling the communication between IoVs, routing protocols are deployed. Frequent changes that occur in the topology often leads to major challenges in IoVs, such as dynamic topology changes, shortest routing paths and also scalability. One of the best solutions for such challenges is “clustering”. This study focuses on IoVs’ stability and to create an efficient routing protocol in dynamic environment. In this context, we proposed a novel algorithm called Cluster-based enhanced AODV for IoVs (AODV-CD) to achieve stable and efficient clustering for simplifying routing and ensuring quality of service (QoS). Our proposed protocol enhances the overall network throughput and delivery ratio, with less routing load and less delay compared to AODV. Thus, extensive simulations are carried out in SUMO and NS2 for evaluating the efficiency of the AODV-CD that is superior to the classic AODV and other recent modified AODV algorithms. Keywords—Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing, Clustering, Internet of vehicles, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Quality of service, 5G wireless networks