Author
Srinivasan Lakshmi Narasimhan
Bio: Srinivasan Lakshmi Narasimhan is an academic researcher from Anna University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Transesterification & Glycerol. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 587 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: The use of tert-butanol as solvent, continuous removal of glycerol, stepwise addition of methanol, and continual removal of Glycerol are found to reduce the inhibitory effects thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of the enzymatic process.
632 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss in a general and comparative fashion aspects such as fuel production and energy balance, fuel properties, environmental effects including exhaust emissions and co-products, and what the effect of production scale may be.
842 citations
TL;DR: This review covers the process by which biodiesel is prepared, the types of catalysts that may be used for the production of biodiesel, the influence of free fatty acids on biodiesel production, the use of different monohydric alcohols in the preparation of biod diesel, the effects of blending biodiesel with other fuels on fuel properties, alternative uses for biod Diesel, and value-added uses of glycerol.
Abstract: Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats, is an environmentally attractive alternative to conventional petroleum diesel fuel (petrodiesel). Produced by transesterification with a monohydric alcohol, usually methanol, biodiesel has many important technical advantages over petrodiesel, such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, derivation from a renewable and domestic feedstock, superior flash point and biodegradability, negligible sulfur content, and lower exhaust emissions. Important disadvantages of biodiesel include high feedstock cost, inferior storage and oxidative stability, lower volumetric energy content, inferior low-temperature operability, and in some cases, higher NO
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exhaust emissions. This review covers the process by which biodiesel is prepared, the types of catalysts that may be used for the production of biodiesel, the influence of free fatty acids on biodiesel production, the use of different monohydric alcohols in the preparation of biodiesel, the influence of biodiesel composition on fuel properties, the influence of blending biodiesel with other fuels on fuel properties, alternative uses for biodiesel, and value-added uses of glycerol, a co-product of biodiesel production. A particular emphasis is placed on alternative feedstocks for biodiesel production. Lastly, future challenges and outlook for biodiesel are discussed.
766 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance, emission and combustion of a diesel engine using neat rapeseed oil and its blends of 5, 20% and 70%, and standard diesel fuel separately were investigated.
646 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of novel processes such as membrane reactor, reactive distillation column, reactive absorption, ultrasonic and microwave irradiation significantly influenced the final conversion, yield and in particular, the quality of product.
630 citations
TL;DR: This review shows that while emphasis is on the use of micro alga oil sources, the viability of the economics of the process is still in doubt, and a proposal for the exploitation of heterogeneous catalysts from natural sources to optimize biodiesel production is proposed.
Abstract: This article reviews various technologies that have been used for biodiesel production till date, with a view to comparing commercial suitability of these methods on the basis of available feedstocks and associated challenges. This review shows that while emphasis is on the use of micro alga oil sources, the viability of the economics of the process is still in doubt. Homogenously catalyzed processes are the conventional technologies. However, their large-scale applicability is compromised due to their characteristic challenges. Batch processes and continuous processes are used for industrial purposes with typical capacity of 7.26-7.5 Gg y(-1) and 8-125 Gg y(-1) respectively, and heterogeneous catalysis may be sustainable for the continuous processes. Heterogeneous catalysts from renewable sources may be both environmentally and economically viable. Reactive distillation has the major advantage of combining the reaction and separation stages in a single unit, thereby significantly reducing capital costs and increasing opportunities for heat integration. This paper is a comprehensive overview of current technologies and appropriate options for scale-up development, providing the basis for a proposal for the exploitation of heterogeneous catalysts from natural sources to optimize biodiesel production. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
558 citations