Stefanie Engel

TL;DR: Payments for environmental services (PES) have attracted increasing interest as a mechanism to translate external, non-market values of the environment into real financial incentives for local actors to provide environmental services as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize the information presented, according to case characteristics with respect to design, costs, environmental effectiveness, and other outcomes, and conclude that user-financed PES programs were better targeted, more closely tailored to local conditions and needs, had better monitoring and a greater willingness to enforce conditionality, and had far fewer confounding side objectives than government-funded programs.

TL;DR: Experimental measures of conditional cooperation and survey measures on costly monitoring among 49 forest user groups in Ethiopia with measures of natural forest commons outcomes show that groups vary in conditional cooperation, groups with larger conditional cooperator share are more successful in forest commons management, and costly monitoring is a key instrument with which conditional cooperators enforce cooperation.

TL;DR: In this paper, an applied site selection tool, which takes into account three variables that vary in space: environmental services provided, risks of losing those services, and participation costs, is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors find that some PES design principles pre-identified in the social-science literature as desirable, such as spatial targeting and payment differentiation, are only partially being applied in practice.