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Showing papers by "Stéphane Laurent published in 1996"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the structural adaptations of the arterial wall to a chronic increase in blood flow normalize wall shear stress and overcome stretch-induced changes in the particular circumstance of arteriovenous fistula.
Abstract: Chronic changes in large artery blood flow rates induce corresponding adjustments in arterial diameter, but little is known about structural adaptations of the vessel wall in humans. We used a high-resolution echo-tracking system to measure radial artery internal diameter, wall thickness, and mean blood flow on both arms of 11 patients with end-stage renal disease. Measurements were performed on the wrist side of the arteriovenous fistula. The contralateral radial artery was investigated as control. Wall cross-sectional area, circumferential wall stress, and mean wall shear stress were calculated. Results indicate a sixfold increase in blood flow on the side of the arteriovenous fistula compared with the control side, with a 1.4-fold increase in internal diameter. The diameter enlargement was sufficient to normalize wall shear stress. Changes in diameter were not associated with arterial wall hypertrophy because wall cross-sectional area was not increased and rather suggest a "remodeling" of the arterial wall. For the same level of blood pressure, circumferential wall stress was increased on the side of the arteriovenous fistula. These results suggest that the structural adaptations of the arterial wall to a chronic increase in blood flow normalize wall shear stress and overcome stretch-induced changes in the particular circumstance of arteriovenous fistula.

198 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that according to the AT1-R A1166C genotype, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a calcium channel blocker affect pulse wave velocity in opposite ways.
Abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improve arterial stiffness independently of blood pressure reduction. Since we have recently shown that in hypertensive individuals the A1166C polymorphism ...

139 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss angiotensin II receptor antagonists, endothelin receptor antagonist, nitrates-NO donors, potassium channel activators, and substances interfering with proteoglycans and other components of the extra-cellular matrix.
Abstract: In recent years, two key concepts having numerous interrelationships were advanced for the understanding of various cardiovascular diseases: the "endothelial dysfunction" and the "arterial remodelling". Both endothelial dysfunction and arterial remodelling occur in various pathologies including essential hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, restenosis after angioplasty, and pulmonary hypertension, and have modified the therapeutic approach by offering new pharmacological targets: specific receptors not only at the site of the vascular smooth muscle cells but also on the endothelial cells, growth factors that stimulate proliferation of smooth muscle, and receptors and enzymes of the extra-cellular matrix. Among the various substances under research, the present review will discuss angiotensin II receptor antagonists, endothelin receptor antagonists, nitrates-NO donors, potassium channel activators, and substances interfering with proteoglycans and other components of the extra-cellular matrix.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data support an interaction between endothelin-1 and natriuretic peptides as autocrine/paracrine factors regulating the contractile function of chick cardiac myocytes, as well as their antagonistic effects on cardiac cell contractility.

18 citations