Stéphane Laurent

Bio: Stéphane Laurent is an academic researcher from University of Paris. The author has contributed to research in topics: Blood pressure & Arterial stiffness. The author has an hindex of 83, co-authored 424 publications receiving 75440 citations. Previous affiliations of Stéphane Laurent include University of Lausanne & Paris Descartes University.

Continuation of the ESH-CHL-SHOT trial after publication of the SPRINT: rationale for further study on blood pressure targets of antihypertensive treatment after stroke

Abstract: Alberto Zanchetti, Lisheng Liu, Giuseppe Mancia, Gianfranco Parati, Guido Grassi, Marco Stramba-Badiale, Vincenzo Silani, Grzegorz Bilo, Giovanni Corrao, Antonella Zambon, Lorenza Scotti, Xinhua Zhang, Ting Rui Guan, Yuqing Zhang, Xuezhong Zhang, Eivind Berge, Josep Redon, Krzysztof Narkiewicz, Anna Dominiczak, Peter Nilsson, Margus Viigimaa, Stéphane Laurent, Enrico Agabiti-Rosei, Zhaosu Wu, Dingliang Zhu, José Luis Rodicio, Luis Miguel Ruilope, Nieves Martell-Claros, Fernando Pinto Roland E. Schmieder, Michel Burnier, Maciej Banach, Renata Cifkova, Csaba Farsang, Alexandra Konradi, Irina Lazareva, Yuriy Sirenko, Maria Dorobantu, Arman Postadzhiyan, Rok Accetto, Bojan Jelakovic, Dragan Lovic, Athanasios J. Manolis, Philippos Stylianou, Dror Dicker, Gangzhi Wei, Chengbin Xu, Hengge Xie, Antonio Coca, John O’Brien, Gary Ford, on behalf of the ESH-CHL-SHOT trial investigators

Accelerated arterial stiffening and gene expression profile of the aorta in patients with coronary artery disease.

Abstract: Background Hypertension and chronic renal failure (CRF) are considered models of accelerated arterial stiffening. Arterial stiffness increases further when CRF is associated with hypertension. We hypothesized that, in patients with mild CRF, aortic gene expression profile would include genes involved in arterial calcifications and enlargement. Method We analysed human aorta with the ‘GeneChip Microarray’ technology, in patients with or without CRF, scheduled for a coronary artery bypass graft. Results Nine of 25 patients had high-quality RNA and were included in the study. Among the 101 transcripts differentially expressed between CRF patients and controls, 97 transcripts were overexpressed in CRF patients. Two genes had the highest overexpression in CRF patients: lumican (LUM), involved in the regulation of collagen fibrillogenesis; and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), involved in polyamine biosynthesis, smooth muscle cell growth and proliferation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed an increased amount of LUM and ODC1 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of CRF compared to non-CRF aortic sections. Eight genes were implicated in the regulation of the cytoskeleton (including capping protein muscle Z-line 1 α and moesin) and cell migration, and five genes were implicated in extracellular matrix function and apoptosis. A trend towards an upregulation of candidate genes involved in arterial calcifications was observed in CRF patients, but did not reach statistical significance. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was not correlated with gene expression level. Conclusion In conclusion, these results show that patients at an early stage of CRF have a specific gene expression profile of aortic tissue and suggest that genes implicated in collagen fibrillogenesis, and VSMCs migration and proliferation, particularly LUM and ODC1, may play a role.

Angiotensinogen gene M235T polymorphism and reduction in wall thickness in response to antihypertensive treatment.

Abstract: The angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism has been linked to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is an early marker of atherosclerosis. The objectives of the present study were to determine in previously untreated essential hypertensive patients whether carotid IMT was associated with the M235T polymorphism, and to determine whether the M235T polymorphism could influence the reduction of carotid IMT by antihypertensive treatment. Common carotid artery IMT was determined with a high-definition echotracking system in 98 previously untreated hypertensive patients in a cross-sectional study. A subgroup of 56 patients was included in a randomized double-blind parallel group study comparing the effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor enalapril with that of the beta-blocker celiprolol during a 5 month period. In the cross-sectional study, a multivariate analysis showed that the M235T genotype was a significant independent determinant of carotid IMT, explaining 7% of the variance. Carotid IMT was higher in patients homozygous for the T allele than in MM patients. In the longitudinal study, the reduction in carotid IMT after antihypertensive treatment was significantly ( P <0.01) higher in patients carrying the TT genotype than in patients carrying the MM genotype, despite similar reductions in blood pressure and independently of drug type. In conclusion, these data suggest that the angiotensinogen TT genotype at position 235 is a genetic marker for early carotid atherosclerosis in a hypertensive population and its regression under antihypertensive treatment.

Cardiovascular risk assessment through target organ damage: role of carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity.

Abstract: 1. Cardiovascular risk prediction relies on classical risk factors such as age, gender, lipids, hypertension, smoking and diabetes. Although the value of such scales of risk is high for populations, its value for individuals is reduced and much influenced by non-modifiable risk factors (age and sex). 2. Biomarkers of risk have been deceiving and the genome-wide scan approach is too recent to have been useful. Target-organ damage may help in selecting patients at high risk and determine the necessity of intervention. 3. Aortic pulse wave velocity, an index of aortic stiffness, has been widely validated as providing additional risk prediction above and beyond classical risk factors and has now entered the 2007 guidelines for hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension. 4. We aim to show that individual prediction of cardiovascular-related death can be improved by taking aortic stiffness into account in a cohort of patients during a longitudinal follow-up. 5. Points to be improved are the homogenization and spreading of the technique of measurement, the establishment of a reference value database and the demonstration of the added value of aortic stiffness screening and stratification in interventional trials.

2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Abstract: ABCD : Appropriate Blood pressure Control in Diabetes ABI : ankle–brachial index ABPM : ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ACCESS : Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survival ACCOMPLISH : Avoiding Cardiovascular Events in Combination Therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension ACCORD : Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes ACE : angiotensin-converting enzyme ACTIVE I : Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events ADVANCE : Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation AHEAD : Action for HEAlth in Diabetes ALLHAT : Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart ATtack ALTITUDE : ALiskiren Trial In Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-renal Endpoints ANTIPAF : ANgioTensin II Antagonist In Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation APOLLO : A Randomized Controlled Trial of Aliskiren in the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Elderly People ARB : angiotensin receptor blocker ARIC : Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ARR : aldosterone renin ratio ASCOT : Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial ASCOT-LLA : Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm ASTRAL : Angioplasty and STenting for Renal Artery Lesions A-V : atrioventricular BB : beta-blocker BMI : body mass index BP : blood pressure BSA : body surface area CA : calcium antagonist CABG : coronary artery bypass graft CAPPP : CAPtopril Prevention Project CAPRAF : CAndesartan in the Prevention of Relapsing Atrial Fibrillation CHD : coronary heart disease CHHIPS : Controlling Hypertension and Hypertension Immediately Post-Stroke CKD : chronic kidney disease CKD-EPI : Chronic Kidney Disease—EPIdemiology collaboration CONVINCE : Controlled ONset Verapamil INvestigation of CV Endpoints CT : computed tomography CV : cardiovascular CVD : cardiovascular disease D : diuretic DASH : Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension DBP : diastolic blood pressure DCCT : Diabetes Control and Complications Study DIRECT : DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials DM : diabetes mellitus DPP-4 : dipeptidyl peptidase 4 EAS : European Atherosclerosis Society EASD : European Association for the Study of Diabetes ECG : electrocardiogram EF : ejection fraction eGFR : estimated glomerular filtration rate ELSA : European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis ESC : European Society of Cardiology ESH : European Society of Hypertension ESRD : end-stage renal disease EXPLOR : Amlodipine–Valsartan Combination Decreases Central Systolic Blood Pressure more Effectively than the Amlodipine–Atenolol Combination FDA : U.S. Food and Drug Administration FEVER : Felodipine EVent Reduction study GISSI-AF : Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico-Atrial Fibrillation HbA1c : glycated haemoglobin HBPM : home blood pressure monitoring HOPE : Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation HOT : Hypertension Optimal Treatment HRT : hormone replacement therapy HT : hypertension HYVET : HYpertension in the Very Elderly Trial IMT : intima-media thickness I-PRESERVE : Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function INTERHEART : Effect of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors associated with Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries INVEST : INternational VErapamil SR/T Trandolapril ISH : Isolated systolic hypertension JNC : Joint National Committee JUPITER : Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin LAVi : left atrial volume index LIFE : Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertensives LV : left ventricle/left ventricular LVH : left ventricular hypertrophy LVM : left ventricular mass MDRD : Modification of Diet in Renal Disease MRFIT : Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial MRI : magnetic resonance imaging NORDIL : The Nordic Diltiazem Intervention study OC : oral contraceptive OD : organ damage ONTARGET : ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial PAD : peripheral artery disease PATHS : Prevention And Treatment of Hypertension Study PCI : percutaneous coronary intervention PPAR : peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PREVEND : Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease PROFESS : Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Secondary Strokes PROGRESS : Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study PWV : pulse wave velocity QALY : Quality adjusted life years RAA : renin-angiotensin-aldosterone RAS : renin-angiotensin system RCT : randomized controlled trials RF : risk factor ROADMAP : Randomized Olmesartan And Diabetes MicroAlbuminuria Prevention SBP : systolic blood pressure SCAST : Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Candesartan for Treatment of Acute STroke SCOPE : Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly SCORE : Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation SHEP : Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program STOP : Swedish Trials in Old Patients with Hypertension STOP-2 : The second Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension SYSTCHINA : SYSTolic Hypertension in the Elderly: Chinese trial SYSTEUR : SYSTolic Hypertension in Europe TIA : transient ischaemic attack TOHP : Trials Of Hypertension Prevention TRANSCEND : Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease UKPDS : United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study VADT : Veterans' Affairs Diabetes Trial VALUE : Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation WHO : World Health Organization ### 1.1 Principles The 2013 guidelines on hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology …

2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension : The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Abstract: 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension : The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

Abstract: XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.