Author
Stéphane Laurent
Other affiliations: University of Lausanne, Paris Descartes University, French Institute of Health and Medical Research
Bio: Stéphane Laurent is an academic researcher from University of Paris. The author has contributed to research in topics: Blood pressure & Arterial stiffness. The author has an hindex of 83, co-authored 424 publications receiving 75440 citations. Previous affiliations of Stéphane Laurent include University of Lausanne & Paris Descartes University.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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2 citations
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TL;DR: The study provides evidence that converting enzyme inhibition causes sympatho-inhibitory influences which are principally observed in stress conditions, with heterogeneous responses depending on the nature and the type of stimulation.
Abstract: Common carotid blood flow and cold pressor test were evaluated in 16 patients with sustained essential hypertension before and after 30 days treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitor Enalapril (20 mg). Enalapril decreased blood pressure and carotid vascular resistance with no significant change in heart rate. After treatment, despite a wide range of the responses, the changes in systolic blood pressure to cold test were significantly attenuated, whereas the heart rate responses were not. Acute random and double blind administration of either Cadralazine or Nitrendipine, two vasodilating drugs which are known to cause an activation of the autonomic nervous system, were performed before and after long term treatment by Enalapril. Whereas the blood pressure and heart rate responses to cold test was unmodified by these compounds before Enalapril treatment, significant changes were observed after converting enzyme inhibition: Cadralazine reduced the heart rate response wheareas Nitrendipine increased it s...
2 citations
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TL;DR: To reach full normalisation of arterial stiffness, pharmacological and therapeutic trials should aim at lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure to a larger extent than in previous studies and giving treatments for a longer duration than in most previous studies.
Abstract: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that pulse pressure and arterial stiffness are strong independent risk factors for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, primary coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Thus, treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF) should aim to reduce arterial stiffness in order to lower afterload and pulse pressure, promote regression of left ventricular and arterial wall hypertrophy and, in CHF, increase cardiac output. Elevation of diastolic blood pressure appears to be beneficial to coronary perfusion and this may be particularly relevant in the setting of CHD. In patients with essential hypertension, numerous studies have shown a decrease in arterial stiffness with various pharmacological classes of antihypertensive agents (including beta-blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists and calcium antagonists), either acutely or during long-term studies. Their efficacy is not surprising, since blood pressure reduction unloads the stiff components of the arterial wall, such as collagen. However, it seems likely that pharmacological treatment has the capacity to decrease arterial stiffness beyond blood pressure reduction, because long-term drug administration can modify the wall components, including a reduction in collagen density or changes in the spatial arrangement of the wall materials. Whether classes of antihypertensive agents vary in their efficacy to affect arterial structure and thus influence arterial stiffness via a pressure-independent mechanism is more controversial and has yet to be evaluated in large-scale trials. A Consensus Conference on the 'Clinical Applications of Arterial Stiffness', held in Paris, June 17, 2000, recommended guidelines for further pharmacological and therapeutic studies on arterial stiffness. Among them were the following: 'To reach full normalisation of arterial stiffness, pharmacological and therapeutic trials should aim at lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure to a larger extent than in previous studies and giving treatments for a longer duration than in most previous studies;Mainly, studies designed to demonstrate the prognostic value of the reduction of arterial stiffness are urgently needed. They should be performed in patients at high cardiovascular risk, on a large scale and a long-term basis, and include all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular morbidity'.
2 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that part of the central cardiovascular effects of nicardipine result from an interaction with DHP sites within the NTS leading to a withdrawal of the sympathetic tone.
Abstract: The effects of the dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonist, nicardipine, on central cardiovascular regulation were investigated by injecting it into the cisterna magna or directly into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), in anesthetized normotensive or spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Intracisternal injections of nicardipine (1-10 micrograms/kg) dose-dependently decreased blood pressure in SHR; there was no significant change in cardiovascular parameters in normotensive rats. In SHR, nicardipine (100 ng) microinjected bilaterally into the NTS produced hypotension and bradycardia. The same doses of nicardipine intravenously injected did not change either parameter. Previous administration of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug, tertatolol (50 micrograms/kg i.v.), prevented the nicardipine-induced bradycardia and hypotension after injection into the NTS. These data suggest that part of the central cardiovascular effects of nicardipine result from an interaction with DHP sites within the NTS leading to a withdrawal of the sympathetic tone.
2 citations
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28,685 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a randomized controlled trial of Aliskiren in the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Elderly people was presented. But the authors did not discuss the effect of the combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension.
Abstract: ABCD
: Appropriate Blood pressure Control in Diabetes
ABI
: ankle–brachial index
ABPM
: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
ACCESS
: Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survival
ACCOMPLISH
: Avoiding Cardiovascular Events in Combination Therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension
ACCORD
: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACTIVE I
: Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events
ADVANCE
: Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation
AHEAD
: Action for HEAlth in Diabetes
ALLHAT
: Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart ATtack
ALTITUDE
: ALiskiren Trial In Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-renal Endpoints
ANTIPAF
: ANgioTensin II Antagonist In Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
APOLLO
: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Aliskiren in the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Elderly People
ARB
: angiotensin receptor blocker
ARIC
: Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities
ARR
: aldosterone renin ratio
ASCOT
: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial
ASCOT-LLA
: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm
ASTRAL
: Angioplasty and STenting for Renal Artery Lesions
A-V
: atrioventricular
BB
: beta-blocker
BMI
: body mass index
BP
: blood pressure
BSA
: body surface area
CA
: calcium antagonist
CABG
: coronary artery bypass graft
CAPPP
: CAPtopril Prevention Project
CAPRAF
: CAndesartan in the Prevention of Relapsing Atrial Fibrillation
CHD
: coronary heart disease
CHHIPS
: Controlling Hypertension and Hypertension Immediately Post-Stroke
CKD
: chronic kidney disease
CKD-EPI
: Chronic Kidney Disease—EPIdemiology collaboration
CONVINCE
: Controlled ONset Verapamil INvestigation of CV Endpoints
CT
: computed tomography
CV
: cardiovascular
CVD
: cardiovascular disease
D
: diuretic
DASH
: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
DBP
: diastolic blood pressure
DCCT
: Diabetes Control and Complications Study
DIRECT
: DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials
DM
: diabetes mellitus
DPP-4
: dipeptidyl peptidase 4
EAS
: European Atherosclerosis Society
EASD
: European Association for the Study of Diabetes
ECG
: electrocardiogram
EF
: ejection fraction
eGFR
: estimated glomerular filtration rate
ELSA
: European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis
ESC
: European Society of Cardiology
ESH
: European Society of Hypertension
ESRD
: end-stage renal disease
EXPLOR
: Amlodipine–Valsartan Combination Decreases Central Systolic Blood Pressure more Effectively than the Amlodipine–Atenolol Combination
FDA
: U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FEVER
: Felodipine EVent Reduction study
GISSI-AF
: Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico-Atrial Fibrillation
HbA1c
: glycated haemoglobin
HBPM
: home blood pressure monitoring
HOPE
: Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation
HOT
: Hypertension Optimal Treatment
HRT
: hormone replacement therapy
HT
: hypertension
HYVET
: HYpertension in the Very Elderly Trial
IMT
: intima-media thickness
I-PRESERVE
: Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function
INTERHEART
: Effect of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors associated with Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries
INVEST
: INternational VErapamil SR/T Trandolapril
ISH
: Isolated systolic hypertension
JNC
: Joint National Committee
JUPITER
: Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin
LAVi
: left atrial volume index
LIFE
: Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertensives
LV
: left ventricle/left ventricular
LVH
: left ventricular hypertrophy
LVM
: left ventricular mass
MDRD
: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
MRFIT
: Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
MRI
: magnetic resonance imaging
NORDIL
: The Nordic Diltiazem Intervention study
OC
: oral contraceptive
OD
: organ damage
ONTARGET
: ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial
PAD
: peripheral artery disease
PATHS
: Prevention And Treatment of Hypertension Study
PCI
: percutaneous coronary intervention
PPAR
: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PREVEND
: Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease
PROFESS
: Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Secondary Strokes
PROGRESS
: Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study
PWV
: pulse wave velocity
QALY
: Quality adjusted life years
RAA
: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
RAS
: renin-angiotensin system
RCT
: randomized controlled trials
RF
: risk factor
ROADMAP
: Randomized Olmesartan And Diabetes MicroAlbuminuria Prevention
SBP
: systolic blood pressure
SCAST
: Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Candesartan for Treatment of Acute STroke
SCOPE
: Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly
SCORE
: Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation
SHEP
: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program
STOP
: Swedish Trials in Old Patients with Hypertension
STOP-2
: The second Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension
SYSTCHINA
: SYSTolic Hypertension in the Elderly: Chinese trial
SYSTEUR
: SYSTolic Hypertension in Europe
TIA
: transient ischaemic attack
TOHP
: Trials Of Hypertension Prevention
TRANSCEND
: Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease
UKPDS
: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
VADT
: Veterans' Affairs Diabetes Trial
VALUE
: Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation
WHO
: World Health Organization
### 1.1 Principles
The 2013 guidelines on hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology …
14,173 citations
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TL;DR: Authors/Task Force Members: Piotr Ponikowski* (Chairperson) (Poland), Adriaan A. Voors* (Co-Chair person) (The Netherlands), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Héctor Bueno (Spain), John G. F. Cleland (UK), Andrew J. S. Coats (UK)
13,400 citations
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TL;DR: 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension : The Task Force for the management of Arterspertension of the European Society ofhypertension (ESH) and of theEuropean Society of Cardiology (ESC).
Abstract: 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension : The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
9,932 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care.
Abstract: XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.
9,618 citations