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Stephen J. O'Brien

Bio: Stephen J. O'Brien is an academic researcher from Saint Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Gene. The author has an hindex of 153, co-authored 1062 publications receiving 93025 citations. Previous affiliations of Stephen J. O'Brien include University College Cork & QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute.


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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Raw milk and raw dairy products can be contaminated with Campylobacter s and consequently consumption of these foods has been linked to enteric disease in humans.
Abstract: Thermotolerant Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are recognized as foodborne pathogens causing a significant burden of disease in human populations in both developing and developed countries. The gastrointestinal tracts of animals are often colonized by these bacteria and fecal contamination of foods can occur during the harvest phase, including milking. Raw milk and raw dairy products can be contaminated with Campylobacter s and consequently consumption of these foods has been linked to enteric disease in humans.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two approaches were used to produce feline blastocysts in an attempt to establish feline ES cells in culture, and germline transmission of any putative f cat ES cell lines will need to be demonstrated in vivo for their utility in gene targeting experiments to be realized.
Abstract: Identification and characterization of spontaneously occurring genetic diseases in cats has permitted the development of valuable models for testing potential treatments of similar human diseases. With the near completion of the feline genome project, establishment of pluripotential feline embryonic stem (ES) cells would facilitate the targeting of specific genetic loci to produce new feline medical models. Two approaches were used to produce feline blastocysts in an attempt to establish feline ES cells in culture. Naive queens were superovulated with an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 150 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) followed by an i.m. injection of 100 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 80 h later; follicles were aspirated laparoscopically 24-26 h later for subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF). On average, 29 mature cumulus oocyte cell complexes (COCs) were recovered from each queen. IVF was performed in 50 microliter drops of complete Hams F-10 medium containing 30 000 fresh, motile sperm. COCs were cultured overnight in 5% carbon dioxide at 38°C, and residual adherent cumulus cells were removed 12 to 16 h later by trituration in 0.1% hyaluronidase. Embryos were cultured in fresh drops of Hams F-10, and on average 25% developed to the early blastocyst stage after 7 days. Alternatively, estrus was induced in queens with a single i.m. injection of 100 IU of eCG, and then 72 h later queens were permitted six supervised matings with a fertile tom over the next two days. Queens underwent ovariohysterectomy 7 days after their first copulation, and compacted morulae and early blastocysts were flushed from the oviducts and uterine horns. On average, eight embryos were recovered from the reproductive tract of each queen. Both in vivo- and in vitro-matured blastocysts were subsequently cultured in standard mouse ES cell medium on inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts. When they failed to hatch in culture after 3 days, a 0.5% pronase solution was used to dissolve the zonae pellucidae under microscopic visualization. Denuded expanded blastocysts adhered to the heterotypic feeder layer and primary inner cell mass (ICM) outgrowths formed within 4 days. Outgrowths were mechanically disaggregated into small clusters of 15 to 20 cells and re-plated on fresh feeders. These colonies grew slowly and were transferred after one week onto new feeder layers. The addition of murine or human recombinant leukemia inhibitory factor had no effect on the survival and proliferation of primary outgrowths or subsequent colonies. After 3 weeks, all colonies derived from both in vivo- and in vitro-matured blastocysts had either differentiated or died. Additional experiments are ongoing to test the effects of homotypic feeder layers and alternative growth factors on promoting the establishment and survival of feline ES cell lines. Ultimately, germline transmission of any putative feline ES cell lines will need to be demonstrated in vivo for their utility in gene targeting experiments to be realized.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Giovanni Abbadessa1, Roberto S. Accolla2, Fernando Aiuti3, Adriana Albini, Anna Aldovini4, Massimo Alfano5, Guido Antonelli3, Courtenay Bartholomew, Zvi Bentwich6, Umberto Bertazzoni7, Jay A. Berzofsky8, Peter Biberfeld9, Enzo Boeri5, Luigi Buonaguro, Franco M. Buonaguro, Michael Bukrinsky10, Arsène Burny, Arnaldo Caruso11, Sharon Cassol12, Prakash Chandra13, Luca Ceccherini-Nelli14, Luigi Chieco-Bianchi15, Mario Clerici16, Sandra Colombini-Hatch8, Carlo De Giuli Morghen16, Andrea De Maria17, Anita De Rossi15, Manfred P. Dierich18, Riccardo Della-Favera19, Antonina Dolei20, Daniel C. Douek8, Volker Erfle, Barbara K. Felber8, Simona Fiorentini11, Genoveffa Franchini8, Jonathan M. Gershoni21, Frances Gotch22, Patrick L. Green23, Warner C. Greene, William W. Hall24, William A. Haseltine, Stephens Jacobson8, Lars O. Kallings, Vaniambadi S. Kalyanaraman, Hermann Katinger, Kamel Khalili25, George Klein9, Eva Klein9, Mary E. Klotman26, Paul E. Klotman26, Moshe Kotler27, Reinhard Kurth28, Alain Lafeuillade, Michelangelo La Placa29, Jonathan Lewis1, Flavia Lillo, Julianna Lisziewicz, Anita Lomonico8, Lucia Lopalco5, Franco Lori, Paolo Lusso8, Beatrice Macchi3, Michael H. Malim30, Leonid Margolis8, Phillip D. Markham, Myra O. McClure22, Nancy Miller8, Maria Cristina Mingari17, Lorenzo Moretta, Douglas M. Noonan2, Stephen J. O'Brien8, Takashi Okamoto31, Ranajit Pal, Peter Palese26, Amos Panet27, Giuseppe Pantaleo32, George N. Pavlakis8, Mauro Pistello14, Stanley A. Plotkin33, Guido Poli5, Roger J. Pomerantz34, Antonia Radaelli16, Marjorie Robert-Guroff8, Mario Roederer8, Mangalasseril G. Sarngadharan, Dominique Schols35, Paola Secchiero36, Gene M. Shearer8, Antonio G. Siccardi16, Mario Stevenson37, Jan Svoboda38, Jim Tartaglia33, Giuseppe Torelli39, Maria Lina Tornesello, Erwin Tschachler40, Mauro Vaccarezza41, Angelika Vallbracht42, Jan van Lunzen43, Oliviero E. Varnier17, Elisa Vicenzi5, Harald von Melchner13, Isaac P. Witz21, Daniel Zagury, Jean-François Zagury44, Giorgio Zauli36, Donaldo Zipeto7 
09 Jan 2009-Science
TL;DR: The Nobel prize in physiology or medicine to Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier for the discovery of HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS is timely given the harm that the virus continues to inflict on the people of the world.
Abstract: Awarding the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine to Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier for the discovery of HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS ([1][1]), is timely given the harm that the virus continues to inflict on the people of the world. While these awardees fully deserve the award

4 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
Eric S. Lander1, Lauren Linton1, Bruce W. Birren1, Chad Nusbaum1  +245 moreInstitutions (29)
15 Feb 2001-Nature
TL;DR: The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
Abstract: The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.

22,269 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal Article
Fumio Tajima1
30 Oct 1989-Genomics
TL;DR: It is suggested that the natural selection against large insertion/deletion is so weak that a large amount of variation is maintained in a population.

11,521 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Paul Burton1, David Clayton2, Lon R. Cardon, Nicholas John Craddock3  +192 moreInstitutions (4)
07 Jun 2007-Nature
TL;DR: This study has demonstrated that careful use of a shared control group represents a safe and effective approach to GWA analyses of multiple disease phenotypes; generated a genome-wide genotype database for future studies of common diseases in the British population; and shown that, provided individuals with non-European ancestry are excluded, the extent of population stratification in theBritish population is generally modest.
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that genome-wide association ( GWA) studies represent a powerful approach to the identification of genes involved in common human diseases. We describe a joint GWA study ( using the Affymetrix GeneChip 500K Mapping Array Set) undertaken in the British population, which has examined similar to 2,000 individuals for each of 7 major diseases and a shared set of similar to 3,000 controls. Case-control comparisons identified 24 independent association signals at P < 5 X 10(-7): 1 in bipolar disorder, 1 in coronary artery disease, 9 in Crohn's disease, 3 in rheumatoid arthritis, 7 in type 1 diabetes and 3 in type 2 diabetes. On the basis of prior findings and replication studies thus-far completed, almost all of these signals reflect genuine susceptibility effects. We observed association at many previously identified loci, and found compelling evidence that some loci confer risk for more than one of the diseases studied. Across all diseases, we identified a large number of further signals ( including 58 loci with single-point P values between 10(-5) and 5 X 10(-7)) likely to yield additional susceptibility loci. The importance of appropriately large samples was confirmed by the modest effect sizes observed at most loci identified. This study thus represents a thorough validation of the GWA approach. It has also demonstrated that careful use of a shared control group represents a safe and effective approach to GWA analyses of multiple disease phenotypes; has generated a genome-wide genotype database for future studies of common diseases in the British population; and shown that, provided individuals with non-European ancestry are excluded, the extent of population stratification in the British population is generally modest. Our findings offer new avenues for exploring the pathophysiology of these important disorders. We anticipate that our data, results and software, which will be widely available to other investigators, will provide a powerful resource for human genetics research.

9,244 citations