Stephen V. Faraone

Bio: Stephen V. Faraone is an academic researcher from State University of New York Upstate Medical University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder & Bipolar disorder. The author has an hindex of 188, co-authored 1427 publications receiving 140298 citations. Previous affiliations of Stephen V. Faraone include University of Bergen & National Institute for Health Research.

Is ADHD a Risk Factor for High School Dropout? A Controlled Study.

Abstract: Objective: This study examined whether ADHD was an independent contributor to grade retention when adjusting for IQ, learning disorders, and social class. Method: Outcome data was from participants in studies at Massachusetts General Hospital (n = 404 ADHD, n = 349 controls) who underwent psychiatric interviews, socioeconomic status measures, and IQ testing. Results: 28% of individuals with ADHD repeated a grade compared with 7% of controls (p < .001). Among participants with ADHD, social class, and IQ were significant predictors of high school dropout or repeated grade. An interaction effect of ADHD and gender was also found with females with ADHD having a higher risk ratio for repeated grade/dropout compared with males with ADHD. Conclusion: Participants with ADHD were significantly more likely to repeat a grade, adjusting for all other variables indicating the critical importance of early identification of ADHD to help mitigate adverse educational outcomes. (J. of Att. Dis. 2016; 20(5) 383-389)

Organizational and visual memory deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar psychoses using the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure: effects of duration of illness.

Abstract: Verbal declarative memory deficits in schizophrenia are well documented whereas visual declarative memory is less studied. Moreover, there are limited data on whether organizational and visual memory deficits are specific to schizophrenic psychoses. We compared visual memory and organizational function in patients with chronic schizophrenia (n=79) and chronic bipolar psychotic disorder (n=14), and in healthy controls (n=84) using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), testing whether organizational impairments (i.e., executive dysfunctions) account for the visual memory deficit. Groups were comparable on age, handedness and expected intellectual ability (based on single word reading). Using analyses of covariance with sex, parental SES and ethnicity as co-variates, patients with schizophrenia were significantly more impaired than controls on copy accuracy, on recall accuracy, and on percent accuracy of recall. Patients with schizophrenia used a more detail-oriented style on copy and recall and had significantly worse recognition memory. After co-varying IQ, copy organization was also significantly different between the groups. Results for accuracy of copy and recall were not significantly attenuated when controlling for copy organization. Duration of illness was associated with visual memory. Bipolar patients performed at an intermediate level between controls and patients with schizophrenia. The data suggest that in schizophrenia, patients have a visual memory disorder characterized by both organizational processing impairments and retention difficulties, and that there is a decline in visual memory functions with duration of illness. Further research is required to determine whether similar mechanisms underlie the neurocognitive deficits in these psychotic disorders.

Genetic Transmission of Negative and Positive Symptoms in the Biological Relatives of Schizophrenics

Abstract: Despite strong evidence for the role of genetics in schizophrenia, the nature of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Knowledge is limited regardless of recent advances in the statistical analysis of family data and the ability to detect complex segregation patterns in the pedigrees of schizophrenic probands. This has prompted the development of alternative approaches which move beyond the traditional concept of schizophrenia. In this regard, increasing interest has been devoted to the understanding of disorders or traits which may be related to schizophrenia and observed in biological relatives who do not themselves manifest a “full-blown” schizophrenic syndrome. The delineation of the so- called “spectrum disorders” such as schizotypal personality disorder is one example of this approach. It is suggested (Risch and Baron 1984; Tsuang and Faraone 1984) that such traits or disorders may prove to be manifestations of the underlying “schizophrenia gene(s),” with clinical schizophrenia being only one extreme phenotypic expression. If so, these other, more common traits may provide more sensitive indices in genetic analyses. Their identification as alternative schizophrenic phenotypes or “schizotypes” would therefore constitute a significant contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying schizophrenia.

Diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder from parent reports predict diagnoses based on teacher reports

Abstract: Objective: For DSM-III attention deficit disorder (ADD), it was previously reported that, when a parent report leads to a diagnosis of ADD, it is highly likely that the teacher report will also be positive. This report seeks to generalize that finding to DSM-III-R attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: In a population of 34 children meeting clinical criteria for DSM-III-R ADHD, parents and teachers independently responded to questions about individual ADHD symptoms. Results: Correlations between parents and teachers for individ ual symptoms were low to moderate; however, there was a 77% probability that the teacher report would result in a positive diagnosis given a positive parental diagnosis. This probability increased to 88% if "broad" teacher diagnoses of ADHD, defined by 35% of the 14 DSM-III-R symptoms, were included. Conclusions: In clinically-referred children, a clinical diagnosis of ADHD based on parent report is likely to be corroborated by a teacher report.

Genetic Markers of ADHD-Related Variations in Intracranial Volume.

Abstract: Objective:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex pathophysiology. Intracranial volume (ICV) and volumes of the n...

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

Using Multivariate Statistics

Abstract: Thank you for downloading using multivariate statistics. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this using multivariate statistics, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their laptop. using multivariate statistics is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the using multivariate statistics is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Human biochemical genetics

Abstract: So far in this course we have dealt entirely with the evolution of characters that are controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance at a single locus. There are notes on the course website about gametic disequilibrium and how allele frequencies change at two loci simultaneously, but we didn’t discuss them. In every example we’ve considered we’ve imagined that we could understand something about evolution by examining the evolution of a single gene. That’s the domain of classical population genetics. For the next few weeks we’re going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach we’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery. If you know a little about the history of evolutionary biology, you may know that after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work in 1900 there was a heated debate between the “biometricians” (e.g., Galton and Pearson) and the “Mendelians” (e.g., de Vries, Correns, Bateson, and Morgan). Biometricians asserted that the really important variation in evolution didn’t follow Mendelian rules. Height, weight, skin color, and similar traits seemed to

Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls

Abstract: There is increasing evidence that genome-wide association ( GWA) studies represent a powerful approach to the identification of genes involved in common human diseases. We describe a joint GWA study ( using the Affymetrix GeneChip 500K Mapping Array Set) undertaken in the British population, which has examined similar to 2,000 individuals for each of 7 major diseases and a shared set of similar to 3,000 controls. Case-control comparisons identified 24 independent association signals at P < 5 X 10(-7): 1 in bipolar disorder, 1 in coronary artery disease, 9 in Crohn's disease, 3 in rheumatoid arthritis, 7 in type 1 diabetes and 3 in type 2 diabetes. On the basis of prior findings and replication studies thus-far completed, almost all of these signals reflect genuine susceptibility effects. We observed association at many previously identified loci, and found compelling evidence that some loci confer risk for more than one of the diseases studied. Across all diseases, we identified a large number of further signals ( including 58 loci with single-point P values between 10(-5) and 5 X 10(-7)) likely to yield additional susceptibility loci. The importance of appropriately large samples was confirmed by the modest effect sizes observed at most loci identified. This study thus represents a thorough validation of the GWA approach. It has also demonstrated that careful use of a shared control group represents a safe and effective approach to GWA analyses of multiple disease phenotypes; has generated a genome-wide genotype database for future studies of common diseases in the British population; and shown that, provided individuals with non-European ancestry are excluded, the extent of population stratification in the British population is generally modest. Our findings offer new avenues for exploring the pathophysiology of these important disorders. We anticipate that our data, results and software, which will be widely available to other investigators, will provide a powerful resource for human genetics research.