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Stephen V. Faraone

Bio: Stephen V. Faraone is an academic researcher from State University of New York Upstate Medical University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder & Bipolar disorder. The author has an hindex of 188, co-authored 1427 publications receiving 140298 citations. Previous affiliations of Stephen V. Faraone include University of Bergen & National Institute for Health Research.


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Journal ArticleDOI
Martine Hoogman1, Daan van Rooij1, Marieke Klein2, Marieke Klein1, Premika S.W. Boedhoe3, Iva Ilioska1, Ting Li1, Yash Patel4, Merel Postema5, Yanli Zhang-James6, Evdokia Anagnostou4, Celso Arango7, Guillaume Auzias8, Tobias Banaschewski9, Claiton H.D. Bau10, Marlene Behrmann11, Mark A. Bellgrove12, Daniel Brandeis13, Daniel Brandeis9, Silvia Brem13, Geraldo F. Busatto14, Sara Calderoni15, Sara Calderoni16, Rosa Calvo, Francisco X. Castellanos17, Francisco X. Castellanos18, David Coghill19, Annette Conzelmann, Eileen Daly20, Christine Deruelle8, Ilan Dinstein21, Sarah Durston, Christine Ecker20, Christine Ecker22, Stefan Ehrlich23, Jeffery N. Epstein24, Damien A. Fair25, Jacqueline Fitzgerald26, Christine M. Freitag22, Thomas Frodl26, Thomas Frodl27, Louise Gallagher26, Eugenio H. Grevet10, Jan Haavik28, Pieter J. Hoekstra29, Joost Janssen30, Georgii Karkashadze, Joseph A. King23, Kerstin Konrad31, Jonna Kuntsi20, Luisa Lázaro, Jason P. Lerch32, Jason P. Lerch33, Klaus-Peter Lesch34, Klaus-Peter Lesch35, Klaus-Peter Lesch36, Mario Rodrigues Louzã14, Beatriz Luna37, Paulo Mattos38, Jane McGrath26, Filippo Muratori16, Clodagh M. Murphy20, Joel T. Nigg25, Eileen Oberwelland-Weiss31, Ruth O'Gorman Tuura13, Kirsten O'Hearn39, Jaap Oosterlaan40, Jaap Oosterlaan3, Mara Parellada7, Paul Pauli, Kerstin Jessica Plessen41, J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Andreas Reif22, Liesbeth Reneman40, Alessandra Retico, Pedro G.P. Rosa14, Katya Rubia20, Philip Shaw42, Timothy J. Silk43, Leanne Tamm44, Leanne Tamm24, Oscar Vilarroya45, Susanne Walitza13, Neda Jahanshad46, Stephen V. Faraone6, Clyde Francks1, Clyde Francks5, Odile A. van den Heuvel3, Tomáš Paus32, Paul M. Thompson46, Jan K. Buitelaar1, Barbara Franke1 
TL;DR: Great strides have been made toward fulfilling the aims of the ENIGMA collaborations, while new ideas and follow-up analyses continue that include more imaging modalities (diffusion MRI and resting‐state functional MRI), collaborations with other large databases, and samples with dual diagnoses.
Abstract: Neuroimaging has been extensively used to study brain structure and function in individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) over the past decades. Two of the main shortcomings of the neuroimaging literature of these disorders are the small sample sizes employed and the heterogeneity of methods used. In 2013 and 2014, the ENIGMA-ADHD and ENIGMA-ASD working groups were respectively, founded with a common goal to address these limitations. Here, we provide a narrative review of the thus far completed and still ongoing projects of these working groups. Due to an implicitly hierarchical psychiatric diagnostic classification system, the fields of ADHD and ASD have developed largely in isolation, despite the considerable overlap in the occurrence of the disorders. The collaboration between the ENIGMA-ADHD and -ASD working groups seeks to bring the neuroimaging efforts of the two disorders closer together. The outcomes of case-control studies of subcortical and cortical structures showed that subcortical volumes are similarly affected in ASD and ADHD, albeit with small effect sizes. Cortical analyses identified unique differences in each disorder, but also considerable overlap between the two, specifically in cortical thickness. Ongoing work is examining alternative research questions, such as brain laterality, prediction of case-control status, and anatomical heterogeneity. In brief, great strides have been made toward fulfilling the aims of the ENIGMA collaborations, while new ideas and follow-up analyses continue that include more imaging modalities (diffusion MRI and resting-state functional MRI), collaborations with other large databases, and samples with dual diagnoses.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These longitudinal findings in girls with ADHD support and extend previously reported findings in boys indicating that ODD heralds a compromised outcome forGirls with ADHD in adolescence.
Abstract: Objective—A better understanding of the long-term scope and impact of the comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has important clinical and public health implications. However, most of the available information on the subject derives from predominantly male samples. This study evaluated the longitudinal course and impact of comorbid ODD in a large sample of girls with ADHD. Methods—Subjects were pediatrically and psychiatrically referred girls with and without ADHD assessed blindly at baseline (mean age=11.6 years), and 5 years later (mean age=16.6 years) by mid to late adolescence. The subjects' diagnostic status of ADHD with and without comorbid ODD at baseline was used to define three groups (Controls [N=107], ADHD [N=77), ADHD+ODD [N=37]). Outcomes were examined using logistic regression (for binary outcomes) and linear regression (for continuous outcomes). Results—Compared with girls who had ADHD only, those with ADHD+ODD at baseline had a significantly increased risk for ODD and major depression at follow-up. Both groups of girls with ADHD had an increased risk for CD and bipolar disorder at follow-up. Conclusions—These longitudinal findings in girls with ADHD support and extend previously reported findings in boys indicating that ODD heralds a compromised outcome for girls with ADHD in adolescence.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differences in current neuropsychological function in schizophrenia are attributable primarily to current IQ instead of to IQ trajectory over time, suggesting a prefrontal-dysexecutive syndrome.
Abstract: Some researchers have compared neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia groups with and without presumed IQ decline. Inherent in this approach is an assumption that group differences are due to different IQ trajectories (stable vs. declining), but neuropsychological differences could be a function of current IQ regardless of the presence or absence of previous IQ decline. We examined this issue in 93 normal controls and in 80 patients classified as having preserved (27.5%), deteriorated (50%), or compromised (22.5%) intellect based on IQ and reading recognition-IQ difference scores. We also examined group differences in verbal and performance IQ. Deteriorated patients had the largest verbal performance-IQ differences. They were more neuropsychologically impaired than the preserved group (average effect size=0.43), but deteriorated patients also had significantly lower current IQs. When subgroups of preserved and deteriorated patients with equivalent current IQs were compared, neuropsychological differences were essentially eliminated (average effect size=0.10); however, both groups were significantly more impaired than controls with similar IQs. Neuropsychological impairment, even in patients with apparently preserved IQ, is consistent with a prefrontal-dysexecutive syndrome. Overall, these results strongly suggest that differences in current neuropsychological function in schizophrenia are attributable primarily to current IQ instead of to IQ trajectory over time.

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study indicates that the association between ADHD and several comorbid disorders is stronger in female than in male individuals and suggests that female individuals diagnosed with ADHD are a more vulnerable group of patients.
Abstract: Objective To investigate sex differences in associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a spectrum of comorbid disorders. Method The study population included all children born in Denmark from 1981 through 2013 (N = 1,665,729). Data were merged from Danish registers and information was obtained on birth characteristics, socioeconomic status, familial psychiatric history, and diagnoses of ADHD (n = 32,308) and comorbid disorders. To estimate absolute and relative risks of comorbid disorders, incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated for female and male individuals. In addition, interactions between ADHD and sex in association with comorbid disorders were estimated as HR ratios (HRRs) in female and male individuals (95% CIs). Results Individuals diagnosed with ADHD had significantly increased absolute and relative risks of all 12 comorbid psychiatric disorders investigated. ADHD-sex interactions were found for some comorbid disorders. Compared with male individuals, ADHD in female individuals showed a stronger association with autism spectrum disorder (HRR 1.86, 95% CI 1.62–2.14), oppositional defiant/conduct disorder (HRR 1.97, 95% CI 1.68–2.30), intellectual disability (HRR 1.79, 95% CI 1.54–2.09), personality disorders (HRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.43), schizophrenia (HRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.02–1.43), substance use disorders (HRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07–1.38), and suicidal behavior (1.28, 95% CI 1.12–1.47). The remaining disorders showed no significant sex differences in association with ADHD. Conclusion This study indicates that the association between ADHD and several comorbid disorders is stronger in female than in male individuals. These important findings add to the literature on sex differences in ADHD and suggest that female individuals diagnosed with ADHD are a more vulnerable group of patients.

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings show that, despite different symptom profiles and comorbidities, men and women have similar rates of current ADHD and of risky behaviors associated with the disorder.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Gaining insight into possible gender differences in the clinical presentation of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is of relevance in order to conduct appropriate screening and treatment interventions in both genders. METHOD: The analyses compared (1) prevalence and sociodemographic correlates, (2) frequency of ADHD core symptoms, (3) rates of subtypes, (4) prevalence of comorbid mental health conditions, and (5) rates of risky/impulsive behaviors, as well as health and social correlates, in men and women with ADHD in a nationally representative, US population-based sample. Face-to-face psychiatric interviews were conducted according to DSM-IV criteria in 34,653 adults from the US National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (Wave 2, 2004-2005). RESULTS: While the prevalence of lifetime ADHD was significantly higher in men than in women (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.22-1.76), the rate of persistent ADHD did not significantly differ across genders (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.96-1.58). Compared to men with persistent ADHD, women with persistent ADHD, despite having lower rates of hyperactive symptoms, presented with similar ADHD subtypes profile and rates of risky behaviors (except for reckless driving), as well as with significantly more anxiety and perceived mental health impairment (P =.032). RESULTS were similar when considering lifetime ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that, despite different symptom profiles and comorbidities, men and women have similar rates of current ADHD and of risky behaviors associated with the disorder. Women with ADHD should receive as much attention as their male counterparts.© Copyright 2016 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc. Language: en

51 citations


Cited by
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The using multivariate statistics is universally compatible with any devices to read, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of the authors' books like this one.
Abstract: Thank you for downloading using multivariate statistics. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this using multivariate statistics, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their laptop. using multivariate statistics is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the using multivariate statistics is universally compatible with any devices to read.

14,604 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: For the next few weeks the course is going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach it’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery.
Abstract: So far in this course we have dealt entirely with the evolution of characters that are controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance at a single locus. There are notes on the course website about gametic disequilibrium and how allele frequencies change at two loci simultaneously, but we didn’t discuss them. In every example we’ve considered we’ve imagined that we could understand something about evolution by examining the evolution of a single gene. That’s the domain of classical population genetics. For the next few weeks we’re going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach we’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery. If you know a little about the history of evolutionary biology, you may know that after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work in 1900 there was a heated debate between the “biometricians” (e.g., Galton and Pearson) and the “Mendelians” (e.g., de Vries, Correns, Bateson, and Morgan). Biometricians asserted that the really important variation in evolution didn’t follow Mendelian rules. Height, weight, skin color, and similar traits seemed to

9,847 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Paul Burton1, David Clayton2, Lon R. Cardon, Nicholas John Craddock3  +192 moreInstitutions (4)
07 Jun 2007-Nature
TL;DR: This study has demonstrated that careful use of a shared control group represents a safe and effective approach to GWA analyses of multiple disease phenotypes; generated a genome-wide genotype database for future studies of common diseases in the British population; and shown that, provided individuals with non-European ancestry are excluded, the extent of population stratification in theBritish population is generally modest.
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that genome-wide association ( GWA) studies represent a powerful approach to the identification of genes involved in common human diseases. We describe a joint GWA study ( using the Affymetrix GeneChip 500K Mapping Array Set) undertaken in the British population, which has examined similar to 2,000 individuals for each of 7 major diseases and a shared set of similar to 3,000 controls. Case-control comparisons identified 24 independent association signals at P < 5 X 10(-7): 1 in bipolar disorder, 1 in coronary artery disease, 9 in Crohn's disease, 3 in rheumatoid arthritis, 7 in type 1 diabetes and 3 in type 2 diabetes. On the basis of prior findings and replication studies thus-far completed, almost all of these signals reflect genuine susceptibility effects. We observed association at many previously identified loci, and found compelling evidence that some loci confer risk for more than one of the diseases studied. Across all diseases, we identified a large number of further signals ( including 58 loci with single-point P values between 10(-5) and 5 X 10(-7)) likely to yield additional susceptibility loci. The importance of appropriately large samples was confirmed by the modest effect sizes observed at most loci identified. This study thus represents a thorough validation of the GWA approach. It has also demonstrated that careful use of a shared control group represents a safe and effective approach to GWA analyses of multiple disease phenotypes; has generated a genome-wide genotype database for future studies of common diseases in the British population; and shown that, provided individuals with non-European ancestry are excluded, the extent of population stratification in the British population is generally modest. Our findings offer new avenues for exploring the pathophysiology of these important disorders. We anticipate that our data, results and software, which will be widely available to other investigators, will provide a powerful resource for human genetics research.

9,244 citations