Stephen V. Faraone

Bio: Stephen V. Faraone is an academic researcher from State University of New York Upstate Medical University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder & Bipolar disorder. The author has an hindex of 188, co-authored 1427 publications receiving 140298 citations. Previous affiliations of Stephen V. Faraone include University of Bergen & National Institute for Health Research.

Pregnancy complications associated with childhood anxiety disorders.

Abstract: To determine whether perinatal complications predict childhood anxiety disorders independently of parental psychopathology, we systematically assessed pregnancy and delivery complications and psychopathology in a sample of children (mean age=6.8 years) at high risk for anxiety disorders whose parents had panic disorder with (n=138) or without (n=26) major depression, and in contrast groups of offspring of parents with major depression alone (n=47), or no mood or anxiety disorders (n=95; total N=306). Psychopathology in the children was assessed by structured diagnostic interviews (K-SADS), and pregnancy and delivery complications were assessed using the developmental history module of the DICA-P. Number of pregnancy complications predicted multiple childhood anxiety disorders independently of parental diagnosis (odds ratio=1.6 [1.4–2.0]). This effect was accounted for by heavy bleeding requiring bed-rest, hypertension, illness requiring medical attention, and serious family problems. Associations remained significant when lifetime child mood and disruptive behavior disorders were covaried. Results suggest that prenatal stressors may increase a child's risk for anxiety disorders beyond the risk conferred by parental psychopathology alone. Depression and Anxiety 19:152–162, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

WAIS—R validation of the Wonderlic Personnel Test as a brief intelligence measure in a psychiatric sample.

Abstract: Although there have been several reports of high correlations between Wonderlic Personnel Test scores and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Full Scale IQ, findings have been inconsistent in psychiatric samples. Sample differences and differences between the WAIS and the revised WAIS (WAIS-R) were considered likely reasons. In this study of relatively nonagitated but chronically ill psychiatric patients (N = 18), Wonderlic IQ estimation accuracy and Wonderlic/WAIS-R correlations were consistent with data previously reported for the WAIS, and generally support the value of the Wonderlic as a highly economical measure of general intelligence. However, the inability of 1 subject to manage the Wonderlic format suggests that severe visuospatial impairment can invalidate this test

Effects of Once-Daily Oral and Transdermal Methylphenidate on Sleep Behavior of Children With ADHD

Abstract: Objective: Methylphenidate is a leading first-line treatment for ADHD (AD/HD). This stimulant has long been suspected to adversely affect sleeping patterns of treated individuals, especially children. There are few studies on the effects of recently developed longer-acting methylphenidate treatments, such as once-daily oral or transdermal formulations, on sleep. Method: The authors examined eight indices of sleep behavior among children treated with either of these two methylphenidate preparations or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group study. Results: The main predictor of sleep problems was baseline numbers or severity of preexisting sleep problems, whereas the different treatments and placebo varied little in their propensity to elicit such problems. There was no significant relationship between dosage and severity or frequency of sleep problems. Conclusion: The authors found little evidence that methylphenidate treatment (at least in sustained-release forms) was a signifi...

Understanding predisposition to schizophrenia: toward intervention and prevention.

Abstract: Objective:Early intervention to prevent schizophrenia is one of the most important goals of schizophrenia research. However, the field is not yet ready to initiate trials to prevent prodromal or ps...

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

Using Multivariate Statistics

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Human biochemical genetics

Abstract: So far in this course we have dealt entirely with the evolution of characters that are controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance at a single locus. There are notes on the course website about gametic disequilibrium and how allele frequencies change at two loci simultaneously, but we didn’t discuss them. In every example we’ve considered we’ve imagined that we could understand something about evolution by examining the evolution of a single gene. That’s the domain of classical population genetics. For the next few weeks we’re going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach we’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery. If you know a little about the history of evolutionary biology, you may know that after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work in 1900 there was a heated debate between the “biometricians” (e.g., Galton and Pearson) and the “Mendelians” (e.g., de Vries, Correns, Bateson, and Morgan). Biometricians asserted that the really important variation in evolution didn’t follow Mendelian rules. Height, weight, skin color, and similar traits seemed to

Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls

Abstract: There is increasing evidence that genome-wide association ( GWA) studies represent a powerful approach to the identification of genes involved in common human diseases. We describe a joint GWA study ( using the Affymetrix GeneChip 500K Mapping Array Set) undertaken in the British population, which has examined similar to 2,000 individuals for each of 7 major diseases and a shared set of similar to 3,000 controls. Case-control comparisons identified 24 independent association signals at P < 5 X 10(-7): 1 in bipolar disorder, 1 in coronary artery disease, 9 in Crohn's disease, 3 in rheumatoid arthritis, 7 in type 1 diabetes and 3 in type 2 diabetes. On the basis of prior findings and replication studies thus-far completed, almost all of these signals reflect genuine susceptibility effects. We observed association at many previously identified loci, and found compelling evidence that some loci confer risk for more than one of the diseases studied. Across all diseases, we identified a large number of further signals ( including 58 loci with single-point P values between 10(-5) and 5 X 10(-7)) likely to yield additional susceptibility loci. The importance of appropriately large samples was confirmed by the modest effect sizes observed at most loci identified. This study thus represents a thorough validation of the GWA approach. It has also demonstrated that careful use of a shared control group represents a safe and effective approach to GWA analyses of multiple disease phenotypes; has generated a genome-wide genotype database for future studies of common diseases in the British population; and shown that, provided individuals with non-European ancestry are excluded, the extent of population stratification in the British population is generally modest. Our findings offer new avenues for exploring the pathophysiology of these important disorders. We anticipate that our data, results and software, which will be widely available to other investigators, will provide a powerful resource for human genetics research.