Author
Steve Applebaum
Bio: Steve Applebaum is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fruit tree & Auxin. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 89 citations.
Topics: Fruit tree, Auxin, Malus, Thinning
Papers
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TL;DR: Applying synthetic auxins to the main cherry cultivar grown in the warm climate of Israel caused appreciable and significant increases in fruit size and total yield, except when the crop load was heavy.
56 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the main effect of these cytokinins was via direct stimulation of fruit cell division, and neither cytokinin had any effect on fruit shape or seed number, nor on fruit quality at harvest or in storage at 0°C, nor at return bloom or yield in the following year.
Abstract: SummaryThe two main apple cultivars grown in the warm climate of Israel,‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, produce relatively small fruits. Over four consecutive years (2001-2004), application of 10 mg l–1 N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl);N’-phenylurea (CPPU) or 50 mg l–1 benzyladenine (BA), 2 weeks after full-bloom, when fruitlet diameter was 10 mm, caused an appreciable (> 50%) and significant increase in fruit size with only slight (BA) or no (CPPU) effect on fruit thinning. We therefore conclude that the main effect of these cytokinins was via direct stimulation of fruit cell division. Neither cytokinin had any effect on fruit shape or seed number, nor on fruit quality at harvest or in storage at 0°C, nor on return bloom or yield in the following year.
34 citations
TL;DR: Application of uniconazole at 100–125 mg l−1, in the form of 0.2–0.25% Magic™, reduced the fruit set of ‘Bing’ cherry fruit, and there was a considerable shift to larger fruit size, provided the crop load was not too low.
6 citations
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TL;DR: The application of exogenous auxin to apples increased cell expansion, suggesting that endogenous auxin concentrations are at least one of the limiting factors controlling fruit size.
Abstract: Auxin is an important phytohormone for fleshy fruit development, having been shown to be involved in the initial signal for fertilisation, fruit size through the control of cell division and cell expansion, and ripening related events. There is considerable knowledge of auxin-related genes, mostly from work in model species. With the apple genome now available, it is possible to carry out genomics studies on auxin-related genes to identify genes that may play roles in specific stages of apple fruit development. High amounts of auxin in the seed compared with the fruit cortex were observed in 'Royal Gala' apples, with amounts increasing through fruit development. Injection of exogenous auxin into developing apples at the start of cell expansion caused an increase in cell size. An expression analysis screen of auxin-related genes involved in auxin reception, homeostasis, and transcriptional regulation showed complex patterns of expression in each class of gene. Two mapping populations were phenotyped for fruit size over multiple seasons, and multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were observed. One QTL mapped to a region containing an Auxin Response Factor (ARF106). This gene is expressed during cell division and cell expansion stages, consistent with a potential role in the control of fruit size. The application of exogenous auxin to apples increased cell expansion, suggesting that endogenous auxin concentrations are at least one of the limiting factors controlling fruit size. The expression analysis of ARF106 linked to a strong QTL for fruit weight suggests that the auxin signal regulating fruit size could partially be modulated through the function of this gene. One class of gene (GH3) removes free auxin by conjugation to amino acids. The lower expression of these GH3 genes during rapid fruit expansion is consistent with the apple maximising auxin concentrations at this point.
158 citations
TL;DR: Gibberellins, applied alone, improved fruit size and delayed fruit maturation and exocarp coloration and the potential to improve sweet cherry fruit size/weight with growth regulators to affect cell division and/or cell expansion stages is evaluated.
74 citations
TL;DR: New approaches to limit cracking are presented, including the development of tolerant cultivars, candidate mineral sprays, biostimulants and technologies for rainwater removal such as orchard air-blast sprayers or creating downwash by helicopters.
60 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: This chapter aims at reviewing the current knowledge on fleshy fruit development and addresses the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in their growth, with a special emphasis on the cell expansion associated process of endoreduplication, with tomato fruit as the model species for fleshy fruits.
Abstract: The fruit is a specialized organ, which results from the development of the ovary after successful flower pollination and fertilization, and provides a suitable environment for seed maturation and seed dispersal mechanisms. Due to their importance in human nutrition and their economic inference, fleshy fruit species have been the subject of developmental studies, mostly devoted to ovary formation, fruit set, and fruit maturation. The growth phase of the fruit has been much less addressed, although the complex interplay between cell division and cell expansion during this period is a crucial determinant of the final size, weight and shape of fruits. This chapter aims at reviewing our current knowledge on fleshy fruit development and addresses the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in their growth, with a special emphasis on the cell expansion associated process of endoreduplication, with tomato fruit as the model species for fleshy fruits.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a hormone biosynthetic inhibitor on corrosion resistance of copper in synthetic seawater under various conditions were evaluated via quantum chemistry calculations, weight loss, electrochemical techniques, SEM, EDS, and FTIR.
51 citations